Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of bone fractures?
Unusual stress or sudden impact
What type of fracture occurs in bone that has been weakened by disease?
Pathologic fracture
What is the main difference between a simple fracture and a compound fracture?
In a simple fracture, the broken bone does not penetrate the skin, whereas in a compound fracture, one or both ends of the broken bone pierce the overlying skin.
What is the average healing time for fractures in young children?
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What is the first step in the process of bone fracture repair?
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What type of connective tissue do chondroblasts form in the newly growing connective tissue associated with the cartilage?
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What type of tissue is formed in the second step of bone fracture repair?
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How long does the fibrocartilaginous callus stage last?
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What is the role of fibroblasts in bone fracture repair?
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What type of cells become osteoblasts and produce trabeculae of primary bone within a week after the injury?
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What is the term for the actively growing connective tissue that forms from the reorganization of the fracture hematoma?
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What replaces the fibrocartilaginous callus and forms a hard (bony) callus?
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What is the final phase of fracture repair?
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What type of bone replaces primary bone during the remodeling phase?
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What do 'hot spots' on a bone scan typically indicate?
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What does avascular necrosis of a bone typically cause on a bone scan?
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Study Notes
Bone Fracture and Repair
- Bone fractures can occur due to unusual stress or sudden impact, and are classified into different types, including stress fracture, pathologic fracture, simple fracture, and compound fracture.
Classification of Fractures
- Stress fracture: a thin break caused by increased physical activity with repetitive loads
- Pathologic fracture: occurs in bone weakened by disease
- Simple fracture: broken bone does not penetrate the skin
- Compound fracture: broken bone pierces the overlying skin
Fracture Healing
- Healing process takes about 2-3 months for simple fractures and longer for compound fractures
- Fractures heal faster in young children (average 3 weeks) and slower with age
- Elderly individuals have a higher incidence of fractures due to normal thinning and weakening of bone
Four Steps of Fracture Repair
- Step 1: Fracture hematoma forms from clotted blood after bone fracture tears blood vessels
- Step 2: Fibrocartilaginous (soft) callus forms as regenerated blood capillaries infiltrate the fracture hematoma
- Step 3: Hard (bony) callus forms as osteoprogenitor cells produce trabeculae of primary bone
- Step 4: Bone is remodeled as osteoclasts remove excess bony material, compact bone replaces primary bone, and the fracture usually leaves a slight thickening of the bone
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Description
Learn about bone fractures and the four steps of the healing process. Understand the different types of fractures, including stress and pathologic fractures.
