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What is the term given to the process of formation and development of bone connective tissue?
What is the term given to the process of formation and development of bone connective tissue?
Ossification or osteogenesis
What is the type of ossification that produces the flat bones of the skull, some of the facial bones, the mandible, and the central part of the clavicle?
What is the type of ossification that produces the flat bones of the skull, some of the facial bones, the mandible, and the central part of the clavicle?
Intramembranous ossification
At what week of embryonic development does the skeleton begin forming?
At what week of embryonic development does the skeleton begin forming?
Eighth through twelfth weeks
What type of cells are formed when some cells in the thickened, condensed mesenchyme divide and differentiate during intramembranous ossification?
What type of cells are formed when some cells in the thickened, condensed mesenchyme divide and differentiate during intramembranous ossification?
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What is the term given to the thin layer of mesenchyme in areas where intramembranous ossification occurs?
What is the term given to the thin layer of mesenchyme in areas where intramembranous ossification occurs?
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What is the type of connective tissue that has mesenchymal cells and abundant ground substance, and is the source of bones formed through intramembranous ossification?
What is the type of connective tissue that has mesenchymal cells and abundant ground substance, and is the source of bones formed through intramembranous ossification?
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What is the first step in intramembranous ossification?
What is the first step in intramembranous ossification?
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What is the function of osteoblasts in intramembranous ossification?
What is the function of osteoblasts in intramembranous ossification?
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What is the term for the growth of capillaries and osteoblasts that extends from the periosteum into the core of the cartilage shaft?
What is the term for the growth of capillaries and osteoblasts that extends from the periosteum into the core of the cartilage shaft?
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What is the primary function of the primary ossification center?
What is the primary function of the primary ossification center?
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What is the process by which osteoclasts resorb some bone matrix within the diaphysis?
What is the process by which osteoclasts resorb some bone matrix within the diaphysis?
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What is the term for the cartilage that remains on the articular surface of each epiphysis?
What is the term for the cartilage that remains on the articular surface of each epiphysis?
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At what age do most epiphyseal plates typically ossify and lengthwise bone growth is complete?
At what age do most epiphyseal plates typically ossify and lengthwise bone growth is complete?
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What is the purpose of the epiphyseal plate during bone growth?
What is the purpose of the epiphyseal plate during bone growth?
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What is the term for the process by which bone replaces hyaline cartilage in the epiphyses?
What is the term for the process by which bone replaces hyaline cartilage in the epiphyses?
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What is the function of osteoblasts in endochondral ossification?
What is the function of osteoblasts in endochondral ossification?
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What is the term for the remains of the calcified cartilage that serve as a template for osteoid production?
What is the term for the remains of the calcified cartilage that serve as a template for osteoid production?
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What is the end result of endochondral ossification in terms of bone growth?
What is the end result of endochondral ossification in terms of bone growth?
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What is the outcome when calcification entraps osteoblasts within lacunae in the matrix?
What is the outcome when calcification entraps osteoblasts within lacunae in the matrix?
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What type of bone is initially formed during intramembranous ossification?
What type of bone is initially formed during intramembranous ossification?
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What is the term for the process where lamellar bone replaces woven bone?
What is the term for the process where lamellar bone replaces woven bone?
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What is the typical structure of a flat cranial bone?
What is the typical structure of a flat cranial bone?
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When does intramembranous ossification begin?
When does intramembranous ossification begin?
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What type of ossification produces most bones of the skeleton, including those of the upper and lower limbs, the pelvis, the vertebrae, and the ends of the clavicle?
What type of ossification produces most bones of the skeleton, including those of the upper and lower limbs, the pelvis, the vertebrae, and the ends of the clavicle?
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During endochondral ossification, what happens to the chondrocytes in the cartilage model?
During endochondral ossification, what happens to the chondrocytes in the cartilage model?
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What is formed when the perichondrium surrounds the cartilage model?
What is formed when the perichondrium surrounds the cartilage model?
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What is the primary ossification center formed in?
What is the primary ossification center formed in?
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What happens to the cartilage matrix as chondrocytes enlarge?
What happens to the cartilage matrix as chondrocytes enlarge?
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Study Notes
Bone Formation
- Ossification, or osteogenesis, refers to the formation and development of bone connective tissue.
- It begins in the embryo and continues as the skeleton grows during childhood and adolescence.
Intramembranous Ossification
- Also known as dermal ossification, it produces flat bones of the skull, some facial bones, mandible, and the central part of the clavicle.
- It begins when mesenchyme thickens and condenses with a dense supply of blood capillaries.
- The process involves four main steps:
- Ossification centers form within thickened regions of mesenchyme.
- Osteoprogenitor cells differentiate into osteoblasts, which secrete osteoid.
- Osteoid undergoes calcification, entrapping osteoblasts within lacunae.
- Woven bone and its surrounding periosteum form, which is eventually replaced by lamellar bone.
- The resulting bone tissue is initially immature and not well organized (woven bone), but eventually becomes compact bone and spongy bone.
Endochondral Ossification
- Begins with a hyaline cartilage model and produces most bones of the skeleton, including those of the upper and lower limbs, pelvis, vertebrae, and ends of the clavicle.
- The process involves six steps:
- Fetal hyaline cartilage model develops.
- Cartilage calcifies, and a periosteal bone collar forms.
- Chondrocytes hypertrophy and resorb surrounding cartilage matrix, producing larger holes.
- Chondrocytes die and disintegrate, and blood vessels grow toward the cartilage.
- Osteoblasts develop and secrete osteoid around the calcified cartilage shaft.
- Primary ossification center forms in the diaphysis, and bone development extends toward the epiphyses.
- Secondary ossification centers form in the epiphyses, and bone replaces almost all cartilage, except articular cartilage and epiphyseal cartilage.
- Lengthwise bone growth continues until the epiphyseal plates ossify and form epiphyseal lines, indicating that the bone has reached its adult length.
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Description
Learn about the process of bone formation and development, including intramembranous ossification and osteogenesis. Understand how the skeleton grows during childhood and adolescence.
