Bone Chapter Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is an Osteon?

Long cylindrical unit that runs lengthwise through compact bone.

What are Osteocytes?

Mature bone cells, found in a lucana.

What are Osteoblasts?

Bone forming cells, first bone cells to appear.

What are Osteoclasts?

Bone resorbing cells. Signup and view all the answers

What are Lamellae?

Concentric circles that contain minerals and collagen. Signup and view all the answers

What are Haversian Canals?

Hole in the center of the osteon, holds blood vessels and nerves. Signup and view all the answers

What are Canaliculi?

Tiny canals that connect osteocytes together. Signup and view all the answers

What are Volkmann's canals?

Run at right angles that connect canaliculi together. Signup and view all the answers

What are projections and processes in bone terminology?

Something that grows outward from a bone. Signup and view all the answers

What are depressions and cavities in bone terminology?

Indentations in the bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Tuberosity?

A large rounded projection. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Crest?

Narrow ridge on a bone that is usually prominent. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Trochanter?

Large, blunt, irregularly shaped process. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Tubercle?

Small, rounded projection or process. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Spine in bone terminology?

Sharp, slender, pointed projection. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Process in bone terminology?

Any bony prominence. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Facet?

A smooth, nearly flat articular surface. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Condyle?

A rounded articular projection. Signup and view all the answers

What are the Functions of the skeleton?

Protection of vital organs, supports the body, stores minerals, provides attachment for muscles, hematopoiesis. Signup and view all the answers

What is hematopoiesis?

Process of bones making blood cells. Signup and view all the answers

What are the Types of bone?

Compact bone, spongy bone. Signup and view all the answers

What are the classifications of bone?

Long bone, short bone, flat bone, irregular bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the diaphysis?

The shaft of the bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the periosteum?

Covering of the outside of the bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the epiphysis?

Ends of a long bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is articular cartilage?

Hyaline cartilage, covers the ends of a long bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the epiphyseal line?

The growth plate. Signup and view all the answers

What are Sharpey's fibers?

Tiny microfibers that attach the periosteum to the bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is compact bone?

Forms the diaphysis of bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is spongy bone?

Located in the epiphysis of the bone, looks holey and has pores. Signup and view all the answers

What is red marrow?

Inside of spongy bone, responsible for red blood cell production. Signup and view all the answers

What is the medullary cavity?

Cavity in the middle of the diaphysis, filled with yellow marrow. Signup and view all the answers

What is yellow marrow?

Where we store adipose. Signup and view all the answers

What is the endosteum?

Layer of cells that line the medullary cavity. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bone Structure and Cells

Osteon: Long cylindrical units that run lengthwise through compact bone, essential for bone strength and structure.
Osteocytes: Mature bone cells located in lacunae, involved in maintaining bone tissue.
Osteoblasts: Bone-forming cells responsible for the creation of new bone tissue, known as bone makers.
Osteoclasts: Bone-resorbing cells that break down bone tissue, often referred to as bone breakers.

Bone Composition

Lamellae: Concentric rings of minerals and collagen that form the structure of compact bone.
Haversian Canals: Central holes in osteons that house blood vessels and nerves, crucial for supplying nutrients.
Canaliculi: Tiny canals that connect osteocytes, facilitating communication and transport of nutrients and oxygen.
Volkmann’s Canals: Canals that run perpendicular to Haversian canals, aiding in the connectivity of the bone's vascular network.

Bone Projections and Deficiencies

Projections and Processes: Features that extend outward from bones, typically described by terms starting with 't'.
Depressions and Cavities: Indentations in bone structure, often categorized with terms starting with 'f' (excluding facets).
Tuberosity: A large rounded projection, often serving as a muscle attachment site.
Crest: A narrow, prominent ridge on a bone.
Trochanter: A large, blunt, irregularly shaped projection found on the femur.
Tubercle: A small, rounded projection or process on a bone.
Spine: A sharp, slender, pointed projection of bone.
Process: General term for any bony prominence.
Facet: A smooth, nearly flat surface for articulation.
Condyle: Rounded articular projection that forms a joint.

Functions and Types of Bone

Functions of the Skeleton: Protects vital organs, supports body structure, stores minerals, provides muscle attachment points, and facilitates hematopoiesis (blood cell production).
Hematopoiesis: The process occurring within bones to produce blood cells.
Types of Bone: Classified into compact bone and spongy bone based on density and structure.
Classification of Bone: Long, short, flat, and irregular bones, each with specific shapes and functions.

Bone Anatomy

Diaphysis: The shaft or central part of a long bone, primarily composed of compact bone.
Periosteum: A fibrous connective tissue covering the outer surface of bones, important for protection and growth.
Epiphysis: The ends of long bones, often involved in joint formation with articular cartilage.
Articular Cartilage: Hyaline cartilage covering bone ends at joints, reducing friction and absorbing shock.
Epiphyseal Line: The growth plate found in long bones, indicating where growth occurs.
Sharpey's Fibers: Microscopic fibers that anchor the periosteum firmly to the bone surface.

Bone Marrow and Cavity

Compact Bone: Dense bone that forms the diaphysis, where minerals are abundant.
Spongy Bone: Found in the epiphysis, characterized by a porous structure that contains red marrow.
Red Marrow: Located within spongy bone, responsible for red blood cell production.
Medullary Cavity: Central cavity in the diaphysis filled with yellow marrow, used for fat storage.
Yellow Marrow: Adipose tissue stored in the medullary cavity.
Endosteum: A thin layer of cells that lines the medullary cavity, involved in bone growth and repair.

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Description

Test your knowledge of key terms related to bone structure with this set of flashcards. Each card features a vocabulary word along with its definition, helping you understand the fundamental concepts of bone biology. Perfect for students studying anatomy or related fields.