Bone Cells and Tissue Types
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Questions and Answers

What type of cells break down bone tissue as part of the bone reabsorption process?

  • Osteoblasts
  • Osteocytes
  • Chondrocytes
  • Osteoclasts (correct)

    • What is the primary function of osteocytes in bone tissue?

  • Breaking down bone
  • Forming cartilage
  • Secreting bone matrix
  • Maintaining bone structure (correct)

    • Osteoblasts transform into osteocytes after what process?

  • Undergoing apoptosis
  • Secreting sufficient bone matrix (correct)
  • Absorbing excess minerals
  • Transforming into osteoclasts

    • Which of the following correctly describes osteoclasts?

    <p>Massive, multinucleated cells that reabsorb bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Osteocytes account for what percentage of total bone cells?

    <p>90-95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial form from which a long bone develops?

    <p>Hyaline cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sequence correctly describes the process of bone formation in long bones?

    <p>Diaphysis ossification, followed by cartilage removal, then epiphyseal formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the cartilage in the process of endochondral ossification?

    <p>It is removed and replaced by new bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ossification centers are typically present in flat skull bones?

    <p>Two or more</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the skull is noted for having trabeculae radiating from it?

    <p>Inferior part</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the vertebral column?

    <p>To serve as a central axis for the skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical structure protects vital organs within the thorax?

    <p>Thoracic or rib cage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the vertebral column prevent during respiration?

    <p>Collapse of the thorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the vertebral column described in terms of its location?

    <p>Extending from the base of the skull to past the pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for the vertebral column?

    <p>Spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many individual bones are typically found in the adult vertebral column?

    <p>26</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ribs are known as true ribs?

    <p>The first seven pairs of ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about false ribs is correct?

    <p>They contain five pairs, with two classified as floating ribs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of pairs of ribs in the human rib cage?

    <p>12 pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects the ribs to the sternum?

    <p>Costal cartilages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint type is characterized by uniaxial rotation?

    <p>Pivot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of movement does a ball-and-socket joint allow?

    <p>Multiaxial movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following joints primarily allows biaxial movement?

    <p>Metacarpophalangeal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones are involved in the glenohumeral joint?

    <p>Scapula and humerus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The distal radioulnar joint involves which two bones?

    <p>Radius and ulna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joints are classified as multiaxial?

    <p>Ball-and-socket and radiocarpal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint allows for more than one major movement type but has one predominant type?

    <p>Temporomandibular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint is found between the atlas and occipital bone?

    <p>Ellipsoid joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pair of bones forms the hip joint?

    <p>Femur and hip bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following joints is mainly associated with wrist movement?

    <p>Radiocarpal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three domains postulated by Lydia Hall in her care model?

    <p>Core, Care, Cure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Hall's model, which domain is considered the exclusive responsibility of nursing?

    <p>Care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the nurse's actions in a hospital environment according to Hall?

    <p>Assisting individuals in personal goal attainment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Hall, who should provide care to patients?

    <p>Professional nurses only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied about health in Hall's theory?

    <p>Health involves self-awareness and optimal behavior selection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the patient does the CORE domain address?

    <p>The therapeutic relationship between nurse and patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Lydia Hall's theory, what does the term 'self-actualization' refer to?

    <p>Realizing one's full potential after recovering from illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Hall mean by 'the source of energy and motivation for healing'?

    <p>The patient as the recipient of care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Deliberative Nursing Process according to Orlando?

    <p>The needs of individuals requiring help</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of the nursing process is emphasized by Orlando in her theory?

    <p>The patient’s participation and input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Orlando's theory describe the relationship between patient and nurse?

    <p>Reciprocal and interactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What replaces the concept of health in Orlando's metaparadigm?

    <p>Sense of helplessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of Levine's Conservation Model?

    <p>To achieve health and the strength to confront disability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of adaptation in Levine's model refers to unique responses to specific environmental challenges?

    <p>Specificity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept was completely disregarded in Orlando's nursing theory?

    <p>Environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Orlando consider nursing to be in relation to medicine?

    <p>A distinct and independent profession</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Levine define wholeness in terms of environmental interactions?

    <p>It exists when adaptations ensure the assurance of integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the five major interrelated concepts of Orlando's model?

    <p>Health promotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does adaptation play according to Levine's Conservation Model?

    <p>It facilitates the movement between different environmental realities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key element regarding the patient’s meanings and interpretations in Orlando's theory?

    <p>They must be validated by nurses before conclusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'conservation' imply in the context of Levine's model?

    <p>A balanced approach between nursing interventions and patient capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of meta-paradigm nursing focuses on the holistic view of individuals?

    <p>Person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'historicity' refer to in the characteristics of adaptation?

    <p>Patterns of responses passed down genetically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component of the external environment interacts with living tissues beyond sensory perception?

    <p>Operational Environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Levine's concept of 'wholeness' require concerning social context?

    <p>It must be recognized within the context of social life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which response type is characterized by an immediate reaction to a perceived threat?

    <p>Fight or Flight Response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal of nursing according to the metaparadigm of nursing?

    <p>To promote adaptation and maintain health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of organismic response is focused on gathering environmental information and making sense of it?

    <p>Perceptual Response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'metaparadigm health' primarily imply?

    <p>Patterns of adaptive change indicating wholeness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which response is developed over time and is influenced by a person’s cumulative stressful experiences?

    <p>Stress Response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the external environment encompasses ideas, symbols, and cultural traditions?

    <p>Conceptual Environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of response is specifically aimed at ensuring structural integrity and healing?

    <p>Inflammatory Response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Conservation Model view individuals in relation to their environment?

    <p>Individuals are active participants seeking information from their environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as essential for nursing interventions according to the assumptions of nursing?

    <p>Unique behavior of the individual patient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect does the Health Promotional Model emphasize when examining health behavior?

    <p>Integrative analysis of impacting variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do cognitive abilities play in the Health Promotional Model?

    <p>They are central to the development of health-promoting behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of health, how is 'health' defined according to the Metaparadigm Health?

    <p>A positive dynamic state reflecting well-being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key assumptions about individuals in the Conservation Model?

    <p>Individuals actively regulate their own health and well-being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested as a necessary component of patient-centered nursing care?

    <p>Individualized strategies tailored to the uniqueness of each patient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Metaparadigm of Person indicate regarding individual growth?

    <p>Individuals value growth and aim for a balance between change and stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does perceived self-efficacy influence in health-promoting behaviors?

    <p>The perceived barriers to action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which determinant of health-promoting behaviors involves understanding personal costs and blocks?

    <p>Perceived barriers to action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Situational influences in health behavior are affected by which of the following?

    <p>Aesthetic features of the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily describes immediate competing demands in health behavior?

    <p>Environmental responsibilities like work or family care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for the implementation of health-promoting behavior?

    <p>Commitment to a plan of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines perceived benefits of action?

    <p>Expected positive outcomes from the health behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Activity-related affect is primarily influenced by which factor?

    <p>Emotional responses tied to the activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept is associated with the anticipation of specific obstacles to health behaviors?

    <p>Perceived barriers to action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bone Cells

    • Osteocytes are bone cells that reside in spaces between the extracellular matrix called lamellae.
    • Osteoblasts are responsible for creating the bone matrix and become osteocytes once they have deposited enough matrix.
    • Osteocytes make up 90-95% of the bone cells.
    • Osteoclasts are responsible for breaking down bone, called bone reabsorption.
    • Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells that originate from red marrow cells that differentiate into specialized white blood cells.

    Types of Bone Tissue

    • Compact bone, also known as cortical bone, is a dense, solid form of bone tissue.
    • Spongy bone, also known as cancellous bone, is a lighter, porous form of bone tissue.

    Endochondral Ossification

    • Endochondral ossification is the process of bone formation from a hyaline cartilage model.
    • This process occurs in the diaphysis (shaft) of long bones and then in the epiphyses (ends) of long bones.

    Skull

    • Skull bones that are not fused are considered "flat bones" in the axial skeleton.
    • Flat skull bones are formed by two or more ossification centers that enlarge, resulting in multiple ossification centers within the skull.

    Axial Skeleton

    • Vertebral Column:
      • Also known as the spine.
      • The central axis of the skeleton.
      • Extends from the base of the skull to the pelvis.
      • Contains 26 individual bones in adults, clustered into five sections.
    • Thoracic Cage:
      • Protects vital organs within the thorax.
      • Prevents the collapse of the thorax during respiration.
      • Composed of 12 pairs of ribs, attached to the sternum.

    Synovial Joints

    • Pivot Joints:
      • Allow uniaxial rotation.
      • Examples include the atlantoaxial joint (between the atlas and axis vertebrae) and the proximal and distal radioulnar joints (between the radius and ulna).
    • Ball-and-Socket Joints:
      • Allow multiaxial movement.
      • Examples include the glenohumeral joint (shoulder) and the hip joint.
    • Ellipsoid Joints:
      • Allow biaxial movement.
      • Examples include the atlantooccipital joint, metacarpophalangeal joints (knuckles), metatarsophalangeal joints (ball of the foot), and radiocarpal joint (wrist).
    • Temporomandibular Joint:
      • Allows multiaxial movement, with one axis predominating.
      • Connects the mandible (jawbone) to the temporal bone of the skull.

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    Description

    Explore the different types of bone cells and their functions, including osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. Learn about the structures of compact and spongy bone, as well as the process of endochondral ossification. This quiz covers essential concepts in bone biology.

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