Bone Cells and Tissue Types

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Questions and Answers

What type of cells break down bone tissue as part of the bone reabsorption process?

Osteoblasts

Osteocytes

Chondrocytes

Osteoclasts (correct)

What is the primary function of osteocytes in bone tissue?

Breaking down bone

Forming cartilage

Secreting bone matrix

Maintaining bone structure (correct)

Osteoblasts transform into osteocytes after what process?

Undergoing apoptosis

Secreting sufficient bone matrix (correct)

Absorbing excess minerals

Transforming into osteoclasts

Which of the following correctly describes osteoclasts?

Massive, multinucleated cells that reabsorb bone Signup and view all the answers

Osteocytes account for what percentage of total bone cells?

90-95% Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial form from which a long bone develops?

Hyaline cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Which sequence correctly describes the process of bone formation in long bones?

Diaphysis ossification, followed by cartilage removal, then epiphyseal formation. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the cartilage in the process of endochondral ossification?

It is removed and replaced by new bone. Signup and view all the answers

How many ossification centers are typically present in flat skull bones?

Two or more Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the skull is noted for having trabeculae radiating from it?

Inferior part Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the vertebral column?

To serve as a central axis for the skeleton Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structure protects vital organs within the thorax?

Thoracic or rib cage Signup and view all the answers

What does the vertebral column prevent during respiration?

Collapse of the thorax Signup and view all the answers

How is the vertebral column described in terms of its location?

Extending from the base of the skull to past the pelvis Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the vertebral column?

Spine Signup and view all the answers

How many individual bones are typically found in the adult vertebral column?

26 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ribs are known as true ribs?

The first seven pairs of ribs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about false ribs is correct?

They contain five pairs, with two classified as floating ribs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of pairs of ribs in the human rib cage?

12 pairs Signup and view all the answers

What connects the ribs to the sternum?

Costal cartilages Signup and view all the answers

Which joint type is characterized by uniaxial rotation?

Pivot Signup and view all the answers

What type of movement does a ball-and-socket joint allow?

Multiaxial movement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following joints primarily allows biaxial movement?

Metacarpophalangeal Signup and view all the answers

Which bones are involved in the glenohumeral joint?

Scapula and humerus Signup and view all the answers

The distal radioulnar joint involves which two bones?

Radius and ulna Signup and view all the answers

What type of joints are classified as multiaxial?

Ball-and-socket and radiocarpal Signup and view all the answers

Which joint allows for more than one major movement type but has one predominant type?

Temporomandibular Signup and view all the answers

Which joint is found between the atlas and occipital bone?

Ellipsoid joint Signup and view all the answers

Which pair of bones forms the hip joint?

Femur and hip bone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following joints is mainly associated with wrist movement?

Radiocarpal Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bone Cells

Osteocytes are bone cells that reside in spaces between the extracellular matrix called lamellae.
Osteoblasts are responsible for creating the bone matrix and become osteocytes once they have deposited enough matrix.
Osteocytes make up 90-95% of the bone cells.
Osteoclasts are responsible for breaking down bone, called bone reabsorption.
Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells that originate from red marrow cells that differentiate into specialized white blood cells.

Types of Bone Tissue

Compact bone, also known as cortical bone, is a dense, solid form of bone tissue.
Spongy bone, also known as cancellous bone, is a lighter, porous form of bone tissue.

Endochondral Ossification

Endochondral ossification is the process of bone formation from a hyaline cartilage model.
This process occurs in the diaphysis (shaft) of long bones and then in the epiphyses (ends) of long bones.

Skull

Skull bones that are not fused are considered "flat bones" in the axial skeleton.
Flat skull bones are formed by two or more ossification centers that enlarge, resulting in multiple ossification centers within the skull.

Axial Skeleton

Vertebral Column:
- Also known as the spine.
- The central axis of the skeleton.
- Extends from the base of the skull to the pelvis.
- Contains 26 individual bones in adults, clustered into five sections.
Thoracic Cage:
- Protects vital organs within the thorax.
- Prevents the collapse of the thorax during respiration.
- Composed of 12 pairs of ribs, attached to the sternum.

Synovial Joints

Pivot Joints:
- Allow uniaxial rotation.
- Examples include the atlantoaxial joint (between the atlas and axis vertebrae) and the proximal and distal radioulnar joints (between the radius and ulna).
Ball-and-Socket Joints:
- Allow multiaxial movement.
- Examples include the glenohumeral joint (shoulder) and the hip joint.
Ellipsoid Joints:
- Allow biaxial movement.
- Examples include the atlantooccipital joint, metacarpophalangeal joints (knuckles), metatarsophalangeal joints (ball of the foot), and radiocarpal joint (wrist).
Temporomandibular Joint:
- Allows multiaxial movement, with one axis predominating.
- Connects the mandible (jawbone) to the temporal bone of the skull.

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Description

Explore the different types of bone cells and their functions, including osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. Learn about the structures of compact and spongy bone, as well as the process of endochondral ossification. This quiz covers essential concepts in bone biology.