Questions and Answers
Bones do NOT have a role in ________.
glycogen production
Which of the following cells are NOT matched with its appropriate function?
The notable hardness of bone is attributed to ________.
the presence of inorganic hydroxyapatites
The inner (osteogenic) layer of the periosteum consists primarily of ________.
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In adults, yellow marrow is located ________.
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The osteon is ________.
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Choose the TRUE statement.
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During infancy and childhood, the most important stimulus of epiphyseal plate activity is ________.
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Which of the following is UNLIKELY to affect bone remodeling?
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Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream?
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Which of the following glands or organs produces hormones that tend to decrease blood calcium levels?
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Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched?
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The correct order (from start to finish) of fracture repair is ________.
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Choose the FALSE statement.
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Study Notes
Bone Functions and Formation
- Bones do not play a role in glycogen production; their primary functions include movement, fat storage, and support.
- Osteocytes are incorrectly matched as producers of new bone cells; osteoblasts are responsible for creating new bone matrix.
Bone Composition
- The notable hardness of bone is mainly due to the presence of inorganic hydroxyapatites, not glycoproteins or cartilage.
- Periosteum, the protective tissue covering bones, consists of an inner osteogenic layer which primarily contains osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
Bone Marrow
- In adults, yellow marrow is located in the medullary cavity of long bones, serving as a fat storage area.
Structural Units and Growth
- Osteons are the structural units of compact bone, not spongy bone or fibrous membranes.
- Endochondral ossification is a key process that converts hyaline cartilage models into true bones, with most bones developing this way.
Hormonal Influence on Bone Growth
- During infancy and childhood, growth hormone is the most significant stimulus for epiphyseal plate activity.
- Parathyroid hormone increases osteoclast activity, leading to the release of calcium ions into the bloodstream; thyroid hormone decreases blood calcium levels.
Bone Remodeling
- Glucagon is unlikely to affect bone remodeling, unlike parathyroid hormone, which plays a critical role in managing calcium levels.
Fracture Types and Healing Process
- A compound fracture is characterized by the fractured bone ends penetrating the skin, while a linear fracture is perpendicular to the bone's long axis.
- The correct sequence for fracture repair is: hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, and ultimately bone remodeling.
Pelvic Structure Differences
- The female pelvis has several distinguishing features: it is tilted forward, has a broader pubic arch than the male pelvis, but the pelvic outlet is wider in females compared to males.
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Description
Test your knowledge of bone anatomy and functions with these flashcards from Chapter 6. Learn about the various roles bones play in the body, including blood cell formation and fat storage, while identifying the functions of different bone cells.
