Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is another name given to the central canal of compact bone?
What is another name given to the central canal of compact bone?
Haversian
What is another name given for the calcification of bone?
What is another name given for the calcification of bone?
Ossification
Which hormone stimulates osteoclast activity to release calcium into the bloodstream?
Which hormone stimulates osteoclast activity to release calcium into the bloodstream?
Parathyroid
What type of marrow is mostly adipose tissue found in the medullary cavity?
What type of marrow is mostly adipose tissue found in the medullary cavity?
What type of fracture has breakage lines radiating from a central point?
What type of fracture has breakage lines radiating from a central point?
Bone matrix is organized into thin sheets or layers called ____.
Bone matrix is organized into thin sheets or layers called ____.
When a bone is broken into two fragments it is called a ___ fracture.
When a bone is broken into two fragments it is called a ___ fracture.
A fracture type that runs parallel to the long axis of the bone is called a ____ fracture.
A fracture type that runs parallel to the long axis of the bone is called a ____ fracture.
When a bone's shape is changed by stresses and growth it goes through a ____.
When a bone's shape is changed by stresses and growth it goes through a ____.
Bone type that is approximately as broad as it is long is called a ____ bone.
Bone type that is approximately as broad as it is long is called a ____ bone.
What is another name for the Haversian systems that look like a bull's eye?
What is another name for the Haversian systems that look like a bull's eye?
Cancellous bone consists of interconnecting rods or plates of bone called ____.
Cancellous bone consists of interconnecting rods or plates of bone called ____.
Processes that extend from the osteocytes in their lacunae to connect to the central canal and other osteocytes are called ____.
Processes that extend from the osteocytes in their lacunae to connect to the central canal and other osteocytes are called ____.
The site of long bone growth is called the ____ plate.
The site of long bone growth is called the ____ plate.
What is a tissue structure that attaches bone to bone called?
What is a tissue structure that attaches bone to bone called?
What is a tissue structure that attaches a muscle to a bone called?
What is a tissue structure that attaches a muscle to a bone called?
What vitamin is necessary for normal absorption of calcium in the intestine?
What vitamin is necessary for normal absorption of calcium in the intestine?
What is the major tissue found in the fetal skeleton?
What is the major tissue found in the fetal skeleton?
What type of fracture runs ______ly in relation to the long axis of a bone?
What type of fracture runs ______ly in relation to the long axis of a bone?
What type of bone cell breaks up bone tissue and releases calcium?
What type of bone cell breaks up bone tissue and releases calcium?
Epiphyses are covered with ____ cartilage.
Epiphyses are covered with ____ cartilage.
What type of bone shape is not long, short, or flat?
What type of bone shape is not long, short, or flat?
What do we call the epithelial-lined air spaces in the skull?
What do we call the epithelial-lined air spaces in the skull?
What is another name for perforating fibers that attach tendons?
What is another name for perforating fibers that attach tendons?
If the skin is not perforated by a broken bone, the fracture is considered open.
If the skin is not perforated by a broken bone, the fracture is considered open.
What is another word for enlargement?
What is another word for enlargement?
What is the shaft of the bone called?
What is the shaft of the bone called?
What do we call the blood vessels that enter the bone through canals running perpendicular to the long axis of the bone?
What do we call the blood vessels that enter the bone through canals running perpendicular to the long axis of the bone?
Which hormone inhibits osteoclast activity, thus causing calcium to be stored in the bone?
Which hormone inhibits osteoclast activity, thus causing calcium to be stored in the bone?
When long bone growth stops, the epiphyseal plate becomes a ____.
When long bone growth stops, the epiphyseal plate becomes a ____.
What is the name of the ossification center that forms in the center of the diaphysis?
What is the name of the ossification center that forms in the center of the diaphysis?
What is the membrane that lines the inner surface of the medullary cavity called?
What is the membrane that lines the inner surface of the medullary cavity called?
What part of the skeleton is made up of the skull, vertebral column, and thorax?
What part of the skeleton is made up of the skull, vertebral column, and thorax?
What are the central canals surrounded by?
What are the central canals surrounded by?
What type of fracture has rough toothed broken ends?
What type of fracture has rough toothed broken ends?
What bones have a relatively flattened shape?
What bones have a relatively flattened shape?
What type of fracture results in the bone breaking into more than two pieces?
What type of fracture results in the bone breaking into more than two pieces?
What group of hormones is produced during puberty that causes the 'growth spurt'?
What group of hormones is produced during puberty that causes the 'growth spurt'?
What type of ossification occurs in cartilage of long bones?
What type of ossification occurs in cartilage of long bones?
What type of bones are longer than they are wide?
What type of bones are longer than they are wide?
What type of ossification occurs in the flat bones of the fetus?
What type of ossification occurs in the flat bones of the fetus?
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Study Notes
Bone Structure and Terminology
- Haversian: Another term for the central canal of compact bone.
- Ossification: Refers to the calcification process in bone formation.
- Osteons: Known as Haversian systems, characterized by a bull's eye appearance.
- Lamella: The bone matrix organized into thin sheets or layers.
- Trabecula: Interconnecting rods or plates that compose cancellous bone.
- Canaliculi: Thin channels allowing communication between osteocytes and the central canal.
- Epiphyseal Plate: The crucial site for long bone growth.
Bone Types and Fractures
- Short Bone: Structurally similar in length and width.
- Complete Fracture: Occurs when a bone breaks into two distinct fragments.
- Linear Fracture: Fracture type that aligns parallel to the bone's long axis.
- Oblique Fracture: Runs diagonally relative to the bone's long axis.
- Comminuted Fracture: Bone breaks into multiple pieces.
- Dentate Fracture: Characterized by rough, toothed, broken ends.
- Stellate Fracture: Radiates from a central fracture point.
Bone Cells and Hormones
- Osteoclast: Bone cells responsible for breaking down tissue and releasing calcium.
- Calcitonin: Hormone that inhibits osteoclast activity, promoting calcium storage in bones.
- Parathyroid Hormone: Stimulates osteoclasts to increase calcium release into the bloodstream.
- Vitamin D: Essential for effective calcium absorption in the intestines.
Bone Growth and Structure
- Diaphysis: The long shaft of the bone.
- Sharpey's Fibers: Also known as perforating fibers, they secure tendons and ligaments to bone.
- Articular Cartilage: Covers the epiphyses, facilitating joint movement.
- Endosteum: Membrane lining the inner surface of the medullary cavity.
Skeleton Classification
- Axial Skeleton: Comprises the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.
- Irregular Bone: Shapes that do not fall under long, short, or flat categories.
- Flat Bone: Bones characterized by their flattened shape.
- Long Bone: Bones that are longer than they are wide.
Other Relevant Terms
- Hypertrophy: Refers to the enlargement of tissues.
- Yellow Marrow: Primarily adipose tissue found in the medullary cavity.
- Intramembranous Ossification: Occurs in the flat bones during fetal development.
- Endochondral Ossification: Process occurring within cartilage in the formation of long bones.
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