Skeletal System Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is another name given to the central canal of compact bone?

Haversian

What is another name given for the calcification of bone?

Ossification

Which hormone stimulates osteoclast activity to release calcium into the bloodstream?

Parathyroid

What type of marrow is mostly adipose tissue found in the medullary cavity?

<p>Yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fracture has breakage lines radiating from a central point?

<p>Stellate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bone matrix is organized into thin sheets or layers called ____.

<p>lamella</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a bone is broken into two fragments it is called a ___ fracture.

<p>complete</p> Signup and view all the answers

A fracture type that runs parallel to the long axis of the bone is called a ____ fracture.

<p>linear</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a bone's shape is changed by stresses and growth it goes through a ____.

<p>remodeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bone type that is approximately as broad as it is long is called a ____ bone.

<p>short</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the Haversian systems that look like a bull's eye?

<p>Osteons</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cancellous bone consists of interconnecting rods or plates of bone called ____.

<p>trabecula</p> Signup and view all the answers

Processes that extend from the osteocytes in their lacunae to connect to the central canal and other osteocytes are called ____.

<p>canaliculi</p> Signup and view all the answers

The site of long bone growth is called the ____ plate.

<p>epiphyseal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a tissue structure that attaches bone to bone called?

<p>ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a tissue structure that attaches a muscle to a bone called?

<p>tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

What vitamin is necessary for normal absorption of calcium in the intestine?

<p>Vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major tissue found in the fetal skeleton?

<p>cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fracture runs ______ly in relation to the long axis of a bone?

<p>oblique</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone cell breaks up bone tissue and releases calcium?

<p>osteoclast</p> Signup and view all the answers

Epiphyses are covered with ____ cartilage.

<p>articular</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone shape is not long, short, or flat?

<p>irregular</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do we call the epithelial-lined air spaces in the skull?

<p>sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for perforating fibers that attach tendons?

<p>Sharpey's fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the skin is not perforated by a broken bone, the fracture is considered open.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another word for enlargement?

<p>hypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shaft of the bone called?

<p>diaphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do we call the blood vessels that enter the bone through canals running perpendicular to the long axis of the bone?

<p>Volkmann's canals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone inhibits osteoclast activity, thus causing calcium to be stored in the bone?

<p>calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

When long bone growth stops, the epiphyseal plate becomes a ____.

<p>line</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the ossification center that forms in the center of the diaphysis?

<p>primary</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the membrane that lines the inner surface of the medullary cavity called?

<p>endosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the skeleton is made up of the skull, vertebral column, and thorax?

<p>axial</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the central canals surrounded by?

<p>concentric lamellae</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fracture has rough toothed broken ends?

<p>dentate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What bones have a relatively flattened shape?

<p>flat bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fracture results in the bone breaking into more than two pieces?

<p>comminuted</p> Signup and view all the answers

What group of hormones is produced during puberty that causes the 'growth spurt'?

<p>sex hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of ossification occurs in cartilage of long bones?

<p>endochondral</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bones are longer than they are wide?

<p>long bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of ossification occurs in the flat bones of the fetus?

<p>intramembranous</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bone Structure and Terminology

  • Haversian: Another term for the central canal of compact bone.
  • Ossification: Refers to the calcification process in bone formation.
  • Osteons: Known as Haversian systems, characterized by a bull's eye appearance.
  • Lamella: The bone matrix organized into thin sheets or layers.
  • Trabecula: Interconnecting rods or plates that compose cancellous bone.
  • Canaliculi: Thin channels allowing communication between osteocytes and the central canal.
  • Epiphyseal Plate: The crucial site for long bone growth.

Bone Types and Fractures

  • Short Bone: Structurally similar in length and width.
  • Complete Fracture: Occurs when a bone breaks into two distinct fragments.
  • Linear Fracture: Fracture type that aligns parallel to the bone's long axis.
  • Oblique Fracture: Runs diagonally relative to the bone's long axis.
  • Comminuted Fracture: Bone breaks into multiple pieces.
  • Dentate Fracture: Characterized by rough, toothed, broken ends.
  • Stellate Fracture: Radiates from a central fracture point.

Bone Cells and Hormones

  • Osteoclast: Bone cells responsible for breaking down tissue and releasing calcium.
  • Calcitonin: Hormone that inhibits osteoclast activity, promoting calcium storage in bones.
  • Parathyroid Hormone: Stimulates osteoclasts to increase calcium release into the bloodstream.
  • Vitamin D: Essential for effective calcium absorption in the intestines.

Bone Growth and Structure

  • Diaphysis: The long shaft of the bone.
  • Sharpey's Fibers: Also known as perforating fibers, they secure tendons and ligaments to bone.
  • Articular Cartilage: Covers the epiphyses, facilitating joint movement.
  • Endosteum: Membrane lining the inner surface of the medullary cavity.

Skeleton Classification

  • Axial Skeleton: Comprises the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.
  • Irregular Bone: Shapes that do not fall under long, short, or flat categories.
  • Flat Bone: Bones characterized by their flattened shape.
  • Long Bone: Bones that are longer than they are wide.

Other Relevant Terms

  • Hypertrophy: Refers to the enlargement of tissues.
  • Yellow Marrow: Primarily adipose tissue found in the medullary cavity.
  • Intramembranous Ossification: Occurs in the flat bones during fetal development.
  • Endochondral Ossification: Process occurring within cartilage in the formation of long bones.

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Test your knowledge of key terms related to the skeletal system with these flashcards. Each term includes a definition to enhance your understanding of bone structures and functions. Perfect for students looking to master skeletal anatomy!

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