Bond Angles in Linear Molecules
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Questions and Answers

What is the bond angle of a linear molecule

180

what is the bond angle of a trigonal planar molecule

120

what is the bond angle of a bent molecule

120

what is the bond angle of a tetrahedral molecule

<p>~109</p> Signup and view all the answers

what is the bond angle of a trigonal pyramidal molecule

<p>~107</p> Signup and view all the answers

what is the bond angle of a bent molecule with 4 electron groups, 2 bonded atoms and 2 lone pairs

<p>bent</p> Signup and view all the answers

the more lone pairs...

<p>the smaller the bond angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

what is the shape of a molecule with 4 electron groups, 3 bonded atoms, and 1 lone pair

<p>trigonal pyramidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

what is the shape of a molecule with 4 electron groups, 4 bonded atoms, and zero lone pairs?

<p>tetrahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

what shape is a molecule with 3 electron groups, 2 bonded atoms, and 1 lone pair

<p>bent (120)</p> Signup and view all the answers

what shape is a molecule with 3 electron groups, 3 bonded atoms and no lone pairs

<p>trigonal planar</p> Signup and view all the answers

what is the shape of a molecule with 2 electron groups, 2 bonded atoms, and no lone pairs

<p>linear</p> Signup and view all the answers

the stronger the intermolecular forces...

<p>the higher the boiling point</p> Signup and view all the answers

rank the intermolecular forces from weakest to strongest

<p>dispersion forces, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

what are dispersion forces

<p>an intermolecular force in all polar and nonpolar molecules where one end of a molecule aligns to become partially charged. This partially charged end can become attracted to the partially charged end of another molecule by chance</p> Signup and view all the answers

what is dipole-dipole attraction

<p>attraction between two polar molecules due to the fact that a molecule's asymmetry and difference in electronegativity between its bonded atoms creates a permanent dipole and a partial negative charge on one end of the molecule. The partial negative charge on one end of the molecule will be attracted to the partial positive charge on another molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

what are the conditions for hydrogen bonding to occur

<p>the hydrogen must be covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom like N, F, O, and the other molecule must have a lone pair for the hydrogen to use to bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

what is the periodic table trend for molecule size

<p>size increases down a group, decreases across a period</p> Signup and view all the answers

what is the periodic trend for electronegativity?

<p>electronegativity decreases down a group, increases across a period</p> Signup and view all the answers

what is the periodic table trend for ionization energy

<p>decreases down a group, increases across a period</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is an atom less electronegative, has less ionization energy, and less electron affinity as its size increases?

<p>Because larger atoms have more electron shells, which increases the distance between the nucleus and the valence electrons, reducing the nucleus's pull on them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the bond angle in a linear molecule?

<p>180 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the periodic trend of electronegativity across a period and down a group in the periodic table?

<p>Electronegativity increases across a period and decreases down a group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

what is the bond between two atoms based on polarity and electronegativity differences

<h1>0-0.4 = nonpolar 0.5-1.8 = polar covalent 1.9&gt; = ionic</h1> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the dipole arrow point in a bond?

<p>It points to the more electronegative atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

You can determine the intermolecular forces of a molecule by using formula->Lewis structure->molecular shape->polarity->intermolecular forces

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you use the Lewis structure of a molecule to determine its shape?

<p>By analyzing the arrangement of bonds and lone pairs around the central atom, one can predict the molecular geometry using VSEPR theory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you use the shape of a molecule to determine its polarity?

<p>Molecules with symmetrical shapes often have their dipole moments cancel out, leading to nonpolar molecules, while asymmetrical shapes usually result in a polar molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

nonpolar molecules are symmetrical

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

polar molecules are symmetrical

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

is a central atom with two terminal atoms that are the same nonpolar or polar

<p>nonpolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a trigonal planar molecule nonpolar?

<p>Because the bond dipoles cancel each other out due to their symmetrical arrangement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

symmetry is when the dipole bonds pull equally in different directions

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

are molecules asymmetrical when there is a lone pair on the central atom

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

a molecule is asymmetrical if it has different terminal atoms (C and O ect)

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

what does the group tell you

<p>number of valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

what does the period tell you

<p>number of energy levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

what is an ionic compound

<p>metal and a nonmetal</p> Signup and view all the answers

nonpolar molecules have low boiling points while polar molecules have greater

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

naming hydrocarbons

<p>meth = 1 eth = 2 prop = 3 but = 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

naming more hydrocarbons

<p>pent = 5 hex = 6 hept = 7 oct = 8</p> Signup and view all the answers

non means 9 carbon atoms and dec means 10

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

names of carbon bonds

<h1>alkane = carbon-carbon single bond alkene = carbon-carbon double bond alkyne = carbon-carbon triple bond</h1> Signup and view all the answers

tetrahedral shape occurs when carbon is bonded to all possible hydrogens, is saturated

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

what is a cycloalkane

<p>when carbons are connected to each other via single bonds to form a ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

what are structural isomers

<p>the same number of atoms in a molecule but bonded in a different order</p> Signup and view all the answers

are structural isomers the same molecule?

<p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

what are alkane substituents

<p>atoms or groups of atoms attached to the carbon chain and include alkyl or halogen groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

unsaturated hydrocarbons are not bonded to the maximum number of hydrogen atoms

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

carbon-carbon- single bonds can rotate, but double bonds cannot

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

what is aromatic molecule

<p>a ring hydrocarbon with alternating single and double bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

a stereoisomer is a molecule with identical molecular formulas and arrangement of atoms

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

cis and trans isomers are stereoisomers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

cis isomers have two groups on the same side of the double bond (both above or below the double bond)

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

trans isomers have two groups on opposite sides of the double bond (one group above and one below the double bond)

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

trans isomer dipole bonds cancel each other out, making the molecule non-polar

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

You cannot have a cis or trans isomer when both groups are attached to the same carbon

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

cis and trans isomers are different molecules

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

what is isomerism

<p>family of molecules with the same formula but different structures (different molecules)</p> Signup and view all the answers

structural isomers have different bonding arrangements while stereoisomers have the same bonding arrangements but different arrangement of atoms in space

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

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