Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of bolus insulin?
What is the primary purpose of bolus insulin?
- To handle a rise in blood glucose during meals (correct)
- To prevent the need for any other types of insulin
- To replace all forms of insulin for diabetes management
- To manage basal glucose levels throughout the day
What distinguishes rapid-acting insulins from regular insulin?
What distinguishes rapid-acting insulins from regular insulin?
- Rapid-acting insulins have a faster onset and shorter duration (correct)
- Regular insulin has a lower risk of hypoglycemia than rapid-acting insulins
- Rapid-acting insulins have a longer duration of action
- Rapid-acting insulins can replace the need for basal insulin
Which of the following is a common adverse effect of insulin?
Which of the following is a common adverse effect of insulin?
- Hypoglycemia (correct)
- Hypertension
- Diarrhea
- Headaches
How should unused insulin be stored?
How should unused insulin be stored?
For patients with type 1 diabetes, what is recommended for achieving adequate glycemic control?
For patients with type 1 diabetes, what is recommended for achieving adequate glycemic control?
What potential issue can arise from using premixed insulin formulations?
What potential issue can arise from using premixed insulin formulations?
What effect can inhaled human insulin have on patients with COPD?
What effect can inhaled human insulin have on patients with COPD?
What is a potential risk associated with subcutaneous administration of insulin?
What is a potential risk associated with subcutaneous administration of insulin?
Flashcards
Bolus Insulin
Bolus Insulin
Insulin taken to cover meals or correct high blood sugar.
Basal Insulin
Basal Insulin
Long-acting insulin that provides a constant level of insulin throughout the day.
Rapid-Acting Insulin
Rapid-Acting Insulin
Insulin types like aspart, lispro, glulisine, and Fiasp that act quickly to lower blood sugar after meals.
Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia
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Lipoatrophy
Lipoatrophy
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Lipohypertrophy
Lipohypertrophy
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Inhaled Insulin
Inhaled Insulin
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Premixed Insulin
Premixed Insulin
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Study Notes
Bolus Insulin
- Bolus insulin is short or rapid-acting insulin used to cover meals (prandial insulin) or to correct high blood sugar.
- Patients with type 2 diabetes may initially use basal insulin, but type 1 patients need both basal and bolus insulin.
- Options for bolus insulin include: Aspart, Lispro, and Glulisine. These are rapid-onset, short-duration insulins.
- Inhaled human insulin and fast-acting insulin aspart (Fiasp) are ultra-rapid onset insulins offering even faster onset than regular insulin.
- Rapid-acting insulins have a lower risk of hypoglycemia than regular insulin. All prandial insulins are effective, but cost varies.
Premixed Insulin Products
- Some premixed insulin products combine basal and prandial insulin components, reducing injections.
- These formulations have fixed mixes, making tailor-made dosing difficult.
Adverse Effects
- Hypoglycemia: Most common side effect.
- Weight Gain: Dose-dependent, primarily truncal fat.
- Injection Site Reactions: Redness, pain, itching, urticaria, edema, inflammation.
- Lipoatrophy/Lipohypertrophy: Fat loss/lumps under skin, preventable by rotating injection sites.
- Respiratory Issues (Inhaled insulin): Cough, upper respiratory infections. Contraindicated in COPD and asthma.
- Pulmonary Function: Inhaled insulin can slightly reduce pulmonary function, requiring baseline and periodic spirometry testing (every 6 months, then annually).
Storage
- Unused insulin should be refrigerated (4°C-8°C).
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