Questions and Answers
What is acceleration in the context of seismic terminology?
The time rate of velocity change, commonly measured in 'g'.
What is an aftershock?
One of a series of smaller quakes following the main shock of the earthquake.
What does an accelerogram represent?
The record from an accelerograph showing acceleration as a function of time.
What is meant by the term 'brittle failure'?
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Define base isolation.
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The _____ is the central part of the earth below a depth of 2,900 kilometers.
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Which of the following describes 'ductility'?
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
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What is the definition of acceleration in the context of seismic terminology?
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What is a diaphragm in the context of earthquake engineering?
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What does an accelerogram show?
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What is a base isolation?
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Brittle failure occurs in materials with limited plastic range, indicating that it can fail suddenly without warning signs.
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What is the term for the point in a building where it would be exactly balanced?
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What is defined as the rate at which natural vibration decays as a result of energy absorption?
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What is the depth classification of shallow earthquakes?
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What is considered a critical damping?
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What does the term deformation refer to in the context of earthquakes?
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Study Notes
Bohol Island State University (BISU)
- Located in Tagbilaran City, Bohol, Philippines.
- Vision: To be a premier Science and Technology university promoting sustainable development through quality education.
- Mission: Committed to quality higher education in arts, sciences, professional, and technological fields, along with research and development.
Glossary of Seismic Terminology
- Acceleration: Rate of velocity change measured in "g"; for Earth, approximately 32 ft/sec² or 980 cm/sec².
- Accelerogram: Data record from an accelerograph, showing ground acceleration over time.
- Accelerograph: Instrument that records strong motion earthquake ground acceleration.
- Aftershock: Smaller quakes occurring after the main earthquake event.
- Amplification: Increased acceleration and potential damage when ground motion frequency matches a building's natural period.
- Amplitude: Maximum distance from the wave's mean centerline.
- Attenuation: Decrease in wave amplitude due to energy loss over distance and time.
- Axial Load: Force aligned with the primary axis of a structural member.
- Base Isolation: Technique involving flexible bearings to detach a building from its foundation, reducing seismic forces.
- Base Shear (Equivalent Lateral Force): Total shear force acting at the building's base.
- Brittle Failure: Sudden material failure with no warning due to limited plastic deformation capacity.
Building Configuration Terms
- Building Configuration: Overall size, shape, and proportions; arrangement of structural and nonstructural elements.
- Regular Configuration: Buildings effectively resisting lateral forces using shear walls or moment-resistant frames, showing simple and symmetrical designs.
- Irregular Configuration: Deviation from symmetry and simplicity in structural design.
- Structural Configuration: Arrangement of components that carry vertical loads and resist lateral forces.
Earth Composition
- Core: Earth's central part, composed of iron and nickel; outer layer is molten with a solid inner core.
- Creep: Slow periodic movement along a fault without causing earthquakes.
- Crust: The uppermost layer of the Earth, about 80 km thick, composed of crustal rocks and sediments, primarily silicon, aluminum, and iron.
Seismic Design Concepts
- Damping: Energy absorption rate affecting the decay of natural vibrations in structures; design measures can optimize damping to reduce seismic forces.
- Critical Damping: Minimum damping allowing a displaced system to return to its original position without oscillation.
- Deflection: Movement of a structural member due to external forces.
- Deformation: Permanent distortion caused by seismic activity.
- Depth of Focus: The depth of an earthquake's focus, categorized as shallow (0-70 km), intermediate (70-300 km), or deep (300-700 km).
- Design Earthquake: Typically defined as two-thirds of the maximum considered earthquake.
- Diaphragm: Horizontal structural element (e.g., floor or roof slab) that distributes lateral forces to vertical supports.
- Displacement: Lateral movement caused by applied forces.
- Drift: Horizontal displacement of building elements due to lateral forces from earthquakes.
- Ductility: Ability of a material to deform under stress without failing.
Bohol Island State University (BISU)
- Located in Tagbilaran City, Bohol, Philippines.
- Vision: To be a premier Science and Technology university promoting sustainable development through quality education.
- Mission: Committed to quality higher education in arts, sciences, professional, and technological fields, along with research and development.
Glossary of Seismic Terminology
- Acceleration: Rate of velocity change measured in "g"; for Earth, approximately 32 ft/sec² or 980 cm/sec².
- Accelerogram: Data record from an accelerograph, showing ground acceleration over time.
- Accelerograph: Instrument that records strong motion earthquake ground acceleration.
- Aftershock: Smaller quakes occurring after the main earthquake event.
- Amplification: Increased acceleration and potential damage when ground motion frequency matches a building's natural period.
- Amplitude: Maximum distance from the wave's mean centerline.
- Attenuation: Decrease in wave amplitude due to energy loss over distance and time.
- Axial Load: Force aligned with the primary axis of a structural member.
- Base Isolation: Technique involving flexible bearings to detach a building from its foundation, reducing seismic forces.
- Base Shear (Equivalent Lateral Force): Total shear force acting at the building's base.
- Brittle Failure: Sudden material failure with no warning due to limited plastic deformation capacity.
Building Configuration Terms
- Building Configuration: Overall size, shape, and proportions; arrangement of structural and nonstructural elements.
- Regular Configuration: Buildings effectively resisting lateral forces using shear walls or moment-resistant frames, showing simple and symmetrical designs.
- Irregular Configuration: Deviation from symmetry and simplicity in structural design.
- Structural Configuration: Arrangement of components that carry vertical loads and resist lateral forces.
Earth Composition
- Core: Earth's central part, composed of iron and nickel; outer layer is molten with a solid inner core.
- Creep: Slow periodic movement along a fault without causing earthquakes.
- Crust: The uppermost layer of the Earth, about 80 km thick, composed of crustal rocks and sediments, primarily silicon, aluminum, and iron.
Seismic Design Concepts
- Damping: Energy absorption rate affecting the decay of natural vibrations in structures; design measures can optimize damping to reduce seismic forces.
- Critical Damping: Minimum damping allowing a displaced system to return to its original position without oscillation.
- Deflection: Movement of a structural member due to external forces.
- Deformation: Permanent distortion caused by seismic activity.
- Depth of Focus: The depth of an earthquake's focus, categorized as shallow (0-70 km), intermediate (70-300 km), or deep (300-700 km).
- Design Earthquake: Typically defined as two-thirds of the maximum considered earthquake.
- Diaphragm: Horizontal structural element (e.g., floor or roof slab) that distributes lateral forces to vertical supports.
- Displacement: Lateral movement caused by applied forces.
- Drift: Horizontal displacement of building elements due to lateral forces from earthquakes.
- Ductility: Ability of a material to deform under stress without failing.
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