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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the pericardium?

  • To cover the heart (correct)
  • To cover the lungs
  • To cover the liver
  • To cover the kidneys

    • What is the function of the peritoneum?

  • To cover the abdominal organs (correct)
  • To cover the liver
  • To cover the heart
  • To cover the lungs

    • What is homeostasis?

  • A relatively constant internal environment (correct)
  • A constantly changing external environment
  • A relatively constant external environment
  • A constantly changing internal environment

    • Which of the following is an example of a condition that is maintained within a relatively narrow range of normal values in the body?

    <p>Blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two components of epithelial tissue?

    <p>Free surface and basement membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct name for the layer of the skin that contains glands, hair follicles, receptors, and blood vessels?

    <p>Dermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three layers of the skin?

    <p>Dermis, epidermis, and hypodermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surrounds body cells and allows for the exchange of substances?

    <p>Interstitial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ system produces hormones and coordinates organ systems?

    <p>Endocrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ system exchanges gases at both lungs?

    <p>Respiratory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ system ingests and processes food?

    <p>Digestive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ system provides support and protection, and assists in movement?

    <p>Skeletal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the peritoneum?

    <p>It covers the abdominal organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct definition of homeostasis?

    <p>A relatively constant internal environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layers make up the skin?

    <p>Dermis, epidermis, and hypodermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the control center in a negative feedback loop?

    <p>Selects an appropriate response based on information from all receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a negative feedback loop carries out the response?

    <p>Effector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the receptor in a negative feedback loop?

    <p>Detects a change in the internal or external environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a positive feedback loop?

    <p>A loop that brings about a change in the same direction as the stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback loop?

    <p>Shivering when it's cold outside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in a positive feedback loop?

    <p>A change occurs in the same direction as the stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop?

    <p>Blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between positive and negative feedback loops?

    <p>Positive feedback loops bring about a change in the same direction as the stimulus, while negative feedback loops bring about a change in the opposite direction of the stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of cells that make up nervous tissue?

    <p>Neurons and neuroglia cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells is the most numerous in the nervous system?

    <p>Glial (neuroglia) cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of the plasma membrane of a resting neuron's axon?

    <p>The inside negative compared to the outside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens first during an action potential?

    <p>Sodium ions enter the axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of events when a neuron is stimulated?

    <p>Sodium ion gates open --&gt; sodium ions enter the cell --&gt; potassium ion gates open --&gt; potassium ions rush out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of neuroglia cells in the nervous system?

    <p>To support and insulate neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of fibroblasts in nervous tissue?

    <p>Fibroblasts are not present in nervous tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of adipose cells in nervous tissue?

    <p>Adipose cells are not present in nervous tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?

    <p>To transmit signals between neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of the inside of a neuron's axon during an action potential?

    <p>Positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of the outside of a neuron's axon during an action potential?

    <p>Negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to potassium ions during an action potential?

    <p>They leave the axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Sodium-Potassium Pump in a neuron?

    <p>To maintain the correct concentration gradient for the resting membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During repolarization, what moves from inside the axon to outside the axon through potassium gated channels?

    <p>Potassium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of potassium ions moving from inside the axon to outside the axon during repolarization?

    <p>The inside of the plasma membrane of the axon is negatively charged compared to the outside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Answer in the context of a neuron?

    <p>The time immediately after an action potential when the axon is unable to conduct another action potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concentration of sodium ions like in a resting neuron?

    <p>Greater inside the axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of myelin in an axon?

    <p>To increase the speed of an action potential down an axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of calcium ions in a neuron?

    <p>To trigger the release of neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?

    <p>To receive signals from other neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of axons in a neuron?

    <p>To transmit signals to other neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the refractory period in a neuron?

    <p>To prevent the action potential from moving backwards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of neurotransmitters in a neuron?

    <p>To communicate signals across synapses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of synapses in a neuron?

    <p>To communicate signals across synapses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Sodium-Potassium Pump in a neuron?

    <p>To transport sodium and potassium ions across the membrane in opposite directions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During repolarization, which ions move from inside the axon to outside the axon through potassium channels?

    <p>Potassium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of the inside of the plasma membrane of an axon during repolarization?

    <p>Negatively charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the period immediately after an action potential when the axon is unable to conduct another action potential called?

    <p>Refractory period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of myelin in a neuron?

    <p>To increase the speed of an action potential down an axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of the inside of the plasma membrane of a neuron during resting potential?

    <p>Negatively charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ion responsible for depolarization during an action potential?

    <p>Sodium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ion responsible for repolarization during an action potential?

    <p>Potassium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of the outside of the plasma membrane of a neuron during resting potential?

    <p>Positively charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of the outside of the plasma membrane of a neuron during repolarization?

    <p>Positively charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ion responsible for hyperpolarization during an action potential?

    <p>Potassium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concentration gradient of sodium ions during resting potential?

    <p>More concentrated outside the axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the protein in the plasma membrane of a neuron that actively transports sodium and potassium ions across the membrane against their concentration gradients?

    <p>Sodium-Potassium Pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During repolarization, which ion moves from inside the axon to outside the axon through potassium gated channels?

    <p>Potassium ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of the inside of the plasma membrane of the axon during repolarization compared to the outside?

    <p>Negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the time immediately after an action potential when the axon is unable to conduct another action potential?

    <p>Refractory period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion has a greater concentration inside the axon of a resting neuron?

    <p>Potassium ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role/function of myelin in the nervous system?

    <p>Increase the speed of an action potential down a dendrite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of potassium ions leaving the axon during repolarization?

    <p>Efflux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of neurotransmitters crossing the synaptic cleft and binding to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron?

    <p>Neurotransmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion has a greater concentration outside the axon of a resting neuron?

    <p>Sodium ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of neurotransmitters being taken back up into the presynaptic neuron?

    <p>Reuptake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion is responsible for depolarization of the neuron during an action potential?

    <p>Sodium ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the minimum level of stimulation required to trigger an action potential in a neuron?

    <p>Threshold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a neuron when a new drug interferes with the function of dendrites?

    <p>The neuron cannot be stimulated to send a signal along its axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three parts of all neurons, regardless of their structure or function?

    <p>Cell body, axon, dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a neurotransmitter is released from an axon terminal, where does it bind?

    <p>Receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical signal that diffuses across the gap between adjacent neurons to convey a message to the next cell?

    <p>Neurotransmitter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ system works faster but has shorter effects, and which organ system works slower but has longer effects?

    <p>Nervous system, endocrine system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a new drug blocks the neurotransmitter from being released at the synapse?

    <p>The neuron cannot be stimulated to send a signal along its axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?

    <p>To receive signals from other neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when calcium ions enter the axon terminal at the synapse?

    <p>Synaptic vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the myelin sheath in a neuron?

    <p>To cover the axon and speed up signal transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of events for the transmission of a signal along a neuron?

    <p>Dendrites, cell body, axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the axon in a neuron?

    <p>To transmit signals to other neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a neuron when a drug interferes with the function of its dendrites?

    <p>The neuron cannot be stimulated to send a signal along its axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of events at the synapse between a sending and receiving neuron?

    <p>A,B,F,G,D,C,E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three parts that all neurons have?

    <p>Cell body, axon, dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a neurotransmitter is released from an axon terminal, where does it bind?

    <p>The postsynaptic neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a chemical signal that diffuses across the gap between adjacent neurons to convey a message to the next cell?

    <p>Neurotransmitter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ system works faster but has shorter effects, and which one works slower but has longer effects?

    <p>Nervous system works faster and the endocrine system works slower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not one of the three parts that all neurons have?

    <p>Synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a neuron when it cannot be stimulated to send a signal along its axon?

    <p>The neuron becomes inactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft?

    <p>Calcium ions entering the axon terminal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?

    <p>To receive signals from other neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of events in the transmission of a signal along a neuron?

    <p>Dendrites, cell body, axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the myelin sheath in a neuron?

    <p>To insulate the axon and increase signal transmission speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a neuron when a drug interferes with the function of dendrites?

    <p>The neuron cannot be stimulated to send a signal along its axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of events at the synapse between a sending and receiving neuron?

    <p>A,B,F,G,D,C,E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three parts of all neurons?

    <p>Cell body, axon, dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a neurotransmitter is released from an axon terminal, where does it bind?

    <p>The postsynaptic neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical signal that diffuses across the gap between adjacent neurons to convey a message to the next cell?

    <p>Neurotransmitter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ system works faster to coordinate all other organ systems in the body?

    <p>Nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion enters the axon terminal during the process of neurotransmitter release?

    <p>Calcium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of dendrites in a neuron?

    <p>To receive signals from other neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a neuron when it cannot be stimulated to send a signal along its axon?

    <p>The neuron cannot be stimulated to send a signal along its axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the myelin sheath?

    <p>To provide insulation for the axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion diffuses through sodium ion gated channels of the receiving neuron during the process of neurotransmitter release?

    <p>Sodium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two organ systems work together to coordinate all other organ systems in the body?

    <p>Nervous and endocrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the branch of the autonomic nervous system responsible for preparing the body for a fight or flight response?

    <p>Sympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the collection of axons and dendrites found outside of the central nervous system?

    <p>Nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Rest and digest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What division of the peripheral nervous system sends sensory information from the skin, skeletal muscles, and tendons?

    <p>Somatic sensory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four structures that protect the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>Skull, cerebrospinal fluid, meninges, blood brain barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which the brain filters out stimuli that are not important or relevant?

    <p>Habituation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the nervous system is responsible for controlling voluntary movements?

    <p>Somatic motor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the network of neurons responsible for regulating sleep and wakefulness?

    <p>Reticular activating system (RAS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Functions of Body Components

    • The pericardium is a sac that surrounds the heart and attaches to the sternum.
    • The peritoneum is a layer of tissue that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs.
    • Homeostasis is the ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment.

    Skin Layers

    • The skin has three layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis.
    • The dermis is the layer that contains glands, hair follicles, receptors, and blood vessels.

    Cell Types and Functions

    • Epithelial tissue has two components: epithelial cells and basement membrane.
    • Nervous tissue has two types of cells: neurons and neuroglia cells.
    • Neurons transmit information, while neuroglia cells provide support and maintenance functions.

    Negative Feedback Loops

    • Homeostasis is maintained through negative feedback loops.
    • A negative feedback loop has three components: receptor, control center, and effector.
    • The control center receives information from the receptor and sends a response to the effector.
    • The effector carries out the response to maintain homeostasis.

    Nervous Tissue Function

    • Neurotransmitters are chemical signals that transmit information between neurons.
    • Synapses are the gaps between adjacent neurons where neurotransmitters bind to receptors.
    • Dendrites receive signals, cell bodies integrate information, and axons transmit signals.
    • Myelin provides insulation to increase the speed of signal transmission.

    Action Potential

    • A neuron has a resting potential of -70mV due to a higher concentration of potassium ions inside the axon and a higher concentration of sodium ions outside the axon.
    • During an action potential, sodium ions rush into the axon, and potassium ions leave the axon.
    • The Sodium-Potassium Pump maintains the concentration gradients of sodium and potassium ions.
    • Repolarization occurs when potassium ions leave the axon, and the neuron returns to its resting potential.

    Neurotransmission

    • Neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron.
    • The release of neurotransmitters is triggered by calcium ions entering the axon terminal.
    • The refractory period is the time immediately after an action potential when the axon is unable to conduct another action potential.

    Organ Systems

    • The nervous system works faster but has shorter effects, while the endocrine system works slower but has longer effects.
    • The nervous system coordinates the functions of all other organ systems in the body.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on body membranes and homeostasis with our quiz! From the pericardium to the peritoneum, learn about the different types of membranes that cover our organs. Understand the importance of homeostasis and how our body maintains balance. Challenge yourself with this informative quiz and improve your understanding of the human body!

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