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Questions and Answers
What percentage of total body water is found within the intracellular fluid (ICF)?
What percentage of total body water is found within the intracellular fluid (ICF)?
Which cation is most abundant in extracellular fluid (ECF)?
Which cation is most abundant in extracellular fluid (ECF)?
Which of the following best describes the composition of intracellular fluid (ICF)?
Which of the following best describes the composition of intracellular fluid (ICF)?
Where is the majority of extracellular fluid (ECF) located?
Where is the majority of extracellular fluid (ECF) located?
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What role does the Na+/K+ pump primarily serve in the cell?
What role does the Na+/K+ pump primarily serve in the cell?
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All of the following are components of extracellular fluid (ECF) except:
All of the following are components of extracellular fluid (ECF) except:
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Which of the following statements about body fluid compartments is true?
Which of the following statements about body fluid compartments is true?
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Which ion is primarily responsible for regulating osmotic pressure in extracellular fluid?
Which ion is primarily responsible for regulating osmotic pressure in extracellular fluid?
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What is the main function of potassium in intracellular fluid?
What is the main function of potassium in intracellular fluid?
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Which type of fluid is not included in the extracellular fluid category?
Which type of fluid is not included in the extracellular fluid category?
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What is the primary function of lymph in the body?
What is the primary function of lymph in the body?
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What percentage of milk is composed of water?
What percentage of milk is composed of water?
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Which component is NOT a solid found in lymph?
Which component is NOT a solid found in lymph?
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What is a primary role of cerebrospinal fluid?
What is a primary role of cerebrospinal fluid?
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Which of the following is the main protein found in milk?
Which of the following is the main protein found in milk?
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Amniotic fluid is primarily produced by which of the following?
Amniotic fluid is primarily produced by which of the following?
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What type of electrolytes are included in the composition of lymph?
What type of electrolytes are included in the composition of lymph?
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The composition of cerebrospinal fluid is best described as:
The composition of cerebrospinal fluid is best described as:
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Which of the following lipids is primarily found in milk?
Which of the following lipids is primarily found in milk?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of lymph?
Which of the following is NOT a function of lymph?
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What role does water play in regulating body temperature?
What role does water play in regulating body temperature?
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What is osmosis primarily concerned with?
What is osmosis primarily concerned with?
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How does water function in digestion?
How does water function in digestion?
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What occurs in a hypotonic solution?
What occurs in a hypotonic solution?
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What is a key characteristic of facilitated diffusion?
What is a key characteristic of facilitated diffusion?
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Which statement best describes isotonic solutions?
Which statement best describes isotonic solutions?
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What function does water serve in the transport systems of the body?
What function does water serve in the transport systems of the body?
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What happens to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution?
What happens to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution?
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Which of the following is not a role of water in the body?
Which of the following is not a role of water in the body?
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Which process describes the net movement of solutes due to concentration gradients?
Which process describes the net movement of solutes due to concentration gradients?
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Which of the following describes the role of carrier proteins in cellular transport?
Which of the following describes the role of carrier proteins in cellular transport?
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What process is described as the movement of water and solute molecules across a membrane due to hydrostatic pressure?
What process is described as the movement of water and solute molecules across a membrane due to hydrostatic pressure?
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Which type of endocytosis specifically involves the ingestion of large particulate matter?
Which type of endocytosis specifically involves the ingestion of large particulate matter?
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What distinguishes receptor-mediated endocytosis from other types of endocytosis?
What distinguishes receptor-mediated endocytosis from other types of endocytosis?
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Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump is TRUE?
Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump is TRUE?
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What is the main purpose of exocytosis in a cell?
What is the main purpose of exocytosis in a cell?
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Which cellular transport process is characterized by engulfing liquids and small solutes?
Which cellular transport process is characterized by engulfing liquids and small solutes?
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How do large molecules like glucose typically cross the cell membrane?
How do large molecules like glucose typically cross the cell membrane?
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What is the main function of vesicles in cellular transport?
What is the main function of vesicles in cellular transport?
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Which of the following cells primarily perform phagocytosis?
Which of the following cells primarily perform phagocytosis?
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Lymph consists of 96% water and 4% solids.
Lymph consists of 96% water and 4% solids.
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Milk contains 50-60% solids.
Milk contains 50-60% solids.
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Cerebrospinal fluid is formed in the cavities of the heart.
Cerebrospinal fluid is formed in the cavities of the heart.
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Amniotic fluid volume increases with gestational age.
Amniotic fluid volume increases with gestational age.
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Cerebrospinal fluid acts as a hydraulic shock absorber.
Cerebrospinal fluid acts as a hydraulic shock absorber.
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Lymph transports only glucose to tissues.
Lymph transports only glucose to tissues.
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The primary protein found in milk is lactalbumin.
The primary protein found in milk is lactalbumin.
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Sweat is considered one of the specialized fluids of the body.
Sweat is considered one of the specialized fluids of the body.
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Electrolytes in lymph include calcium and magnesium.
Electrolytes in lymph include calcium and magnesium.
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The volume of cerebrospinal fluid is not regulated in the body.
The volume of cerebrospinal fluid is not regulated in the body.
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The total amount of fluid in the human body is approximately 70% of body weight.
The total amount of fluid in the human body is approximately 70% of body weight.
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Intracellular fluid (ICF) makes up 45% of total body water.
Intracellular fluid (ICF) makes up 45% of total body water.
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The most abundant cation in extracellular fluid (ECF) is potassium (K+).
The most abundant cation in extracellular fluid (ECF) is potassium (K+).
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Plasma accounts for approximately 80% of the extracellular fluid.
Plasma accounts for approximately 80% of the extracellular fluid.
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The most abundant anion in intracellular fluid (ICF) is proteins and phosphates.
The most abundant anion in intracellular fluid (ICF) is proteins and phosphates.
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Water is solely responsible for transporting nutrients and oxygen in the body.
Water is solely responsible for transporting nutrients and oxygen in the body.
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The Na+/K+ pumps are responsible for maintaining high levels of sodium outside the cell.
The Na+/K+ pumps are responsible for maintaining high levels of sodium outside the cell.
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Interstitial fluid is located entirely within the bloodstream.
Interstitial fluid is located entirely within the bloodstream.
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Sweat is primarily composed of water and is important for regulating body temperature.
Sweat is primarily composed of water and is important for regulating body temperature.
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Osmosis involves the movement of solutes across a semipermeable membrane.
Osmosis involves the movement of solutes across a semipermeable membrane.
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Body fluid composition includes gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Body fluid composition includes gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide.
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Hypotonic solutions have a higher solute concentration compared to the cell's interior.
Hypotonic solutions have a higher solute concentration compared to the cell's interior.
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In a hypertonic solution, water will move into the cell from the surrounding solution.
In a hypertonic solution, water will move into the cell from the surrounding solution.
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There are barriers that separate intracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, and plasma.
There are barriers that separate intracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, and plasma.
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Facilitated diffusion requires energy to move molecules across the cell membrane.
Facilitated diffusion requires energy to move molecules across the cell membrane.
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Chemical reactions in the body depend on the presence of water.
Chemical reactions in the body depend on the presence of water.
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A hypotonic solution causes water to leave the cell.
A hypotonic solution causes water to leave the cell.
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Simple diffusion continues until the concentration gradient is eliminated.
Simple diffusion continues until the concentration gradient is eliminated.
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Synovial fluid, made mostly of water, provides lubrication for the joints.
Synovial fluid, made mostly of water, provides lubrication for the joints.
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Glucose is soluble in lipids and does not require carrier proteins to cross the cell membrane.
Glucose is soluble in lipids and does not require carrier proteins to cross the cell membrane.
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Filtration allows only small solutes to pass through membrane pores, as seen in the Bowman's capsule in the kidneys.
Filtration allows only small solutes to pass through membrane pores, as seen in the Bowman's capsule in the kidneys.
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Endocytosis is a process that enables cells to expel substances from inside the cell.
Endocytosis is a process that enables cells to expel substances from inside the cell.
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Receptor-mediated endocytosis involves specific receptors binding to large molecules outside the cell.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis involves specific receptors binding to large molecules outside the cell.
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Phagocytosis is the process where all cell types ingest small molecules and fluids.
Phagocytosis is the process where all cell types ingest small molecules and fluids.
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The sodium-potassium pump is an example of passive transport in the human body.
The sodium-potassium pump is an example of passive transport in the human body.
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Exocytosis is a process that requires energy to move substances from the cytoplasm to the outside of the cell.
Exocytosis is a process that requires energy to move substances from the cytoplasm to the outside of the cell.
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Pinocytosis involves the engulfment of relatively large molecules and particles by the cell.
Pinocytosis involves the engulfment of relatively large molecules and particles by the cell.
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The movement of particles through the plasma membrane in vesicles occurs only in plant cells.
The movement of particles through the plasma membrane in vesicles occurs only in plant cells.
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Hydrostatic pressure is involved in the process of filtration across cell membranes.
Hydrostatic pressure is involved in the process of filtration across cell membranes.
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Study Notes
Body Fluids Overview
- The human body is approximately 70% water.
- Body fluid is divided into two compartments: intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF).
- ICF is inside the cells and makes up 55% of total body water.
- ECF is outside the cells and makes up 45% of total body water.
Extracellular Fluid Composition
- ECF includes interstitial fluid, plasma, lymph, synovial fluid, aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), pericardial fluid, and urine.
- Interstitial fluid is the fluid between cells and makes up about 80% of ECF.
- Plasma is the fluid component of blood and comprises about 20% of ECF.
- Lymph is a clear fluid that circulates throughout the lymphatic system.
- Synovial fluid lubricates joints.
- Aqueous humor fills the eye's anterior chamber.
- Cerebrospinal fluid surrounds the brain and spinal cord.
- Pericardial fluid surrounds the heart.
- Urine is a waste product excreted from the body.
Intracellular Fluid Composition
- ICF primarily contains electrolytes, proteins, and other substances.
- The most abundant cation in ICF is potassium (K+).
- The most abundant anion in ICF is proteins.
Barriers Separating Body Fluids
- Plasma membranes separate ICF from interstitial fluid.
- Blood vessel walls separate interstitial fluid from plasma.
Composition of Body Fluids
- Body fluids contain organic substances (e.g., glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, hormones, enzymes) and inorganic substances (e.g., sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphate, sulphate).
Differences between ICF and ECF
- The most abundant cation in extracellular fluid (ECF) is sodium (Na+).
- The most abundant anion in extracellular fluid (ECF) is chloride (Cl-).
- The most abundant cation in intracellular fluid (ICF) is potassium (K+).
- The most abundant anion in intracellular fluid (ICF) is proteins.
Water Distribution in the Body
- Water is crucial for transport (e.g., blood carries nutrients and oxygen).
- Water helps regulate body temperature.
- Water is essential for cellular function and chemical reactions.
- Water is present in the digestive system and provides lubrication for joints.
Transport Systems
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Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a higher water concentration to a lower one.
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Isotonic solution: Osmolarity of intracellular fluid equals extracellular fluid..
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Hypertonic solution: ECF has more solute concentration than ICF, salt moves into the cell, and water moves out of the cell.
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Hypotonic solution: ECF has less solute concentration than ICF, water moves into the cell.
Other Transport Mechanisms
- Simple diffusion is the movement of solutes from a high to low concentration.
- Facilitated diffusion involves transport proteins aiding solute movement.
- Filtration is the movement of water and solutes across a membrane due to hydrostatic pressure.
Active Transport
- Active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.
- The sodium-potassium pump is an example of active transport.
Transport by Vesicles
- Endocytosis moves substances into the cell using vesicles. There are three types:
- Pinocytosis: For smaller molecules and fluid
- Phagocytosis: For larger particles (like bacteria).
- Receptor-mediated endocytosis: Specific receptors bind to molecules in extracellular fluid which are then taken into the cell within a vesicle.
- Exocytosis moves substances out of the cell.
Specialized Body Fluids
- Lymph: A clear fluid in the lymphatic system, transporting proteins and other substances.
- Milk: Secreted by mammary glands, primarily water and nutrients.
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): Found in the brain and spinal cord, acting as a shock absorber.
- Amniotic fluid: Found in the amniotic sac during pregnancy, providing protection to the fetus.
- Aqueous humor: Fills the eye's anterior chamber, supports eye structure and function through nutrients.
- Sweat: Produced by sweat glands, helps regulate body temperature.
- Tears: Produced by lacrimal glands, lubricate the eyes, and protect them.
- Tears: Produced by lachrymal glands; are isotonic but become hypertonic due to evaporation.
- Sweat: Secretion of sweat gland; regulates body temperature through cooling and evaporation. Electrolyte content (Na+, K+, Cl−) varies.
- CSF: Clear; colourless liquid; continuous formation, replacement.
- Amniotic Fluid: Produced by fetal membranes and fetus; volume increases with gestation; clear, with some desquamated cells and lipids.
- Aqueous Humor: Fluid found in the eye's interior chamber; secreted by the ciliary body; enters the anterior chamber.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the composition and distribution of body fluids, including intracellular and extracellular fluids. This quiz covers the percentages, components, and functions of various body fluids such as plasma, interstitial fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid.
