Body Fluid Compartments and Intracellular Fluid

Fluid part is more than two third of the whole body. Water forms most of the fluid part of the body. The two principal body fluid compartments are intracellular and ______.

The intracellular compartment is the space inside a cell and the fluid inside the cell is called intracellular fluid (ICF). The extracellular compartment is found outside the cell and the fluid outside the cell is called extracellular fluid (ECF). However, the extracellular compartment is further divided into the interstitial compartment and the ______ compartment.

Tonicity is the measure of effective osmolality. In terms of tonicity, the solutions are classified into three categories: i. Isotonic fluid ii. Hypertonic fluid iii. ______ fluid.

Fluid volume deficit (FVD), or hypovolemia, occurs when loss of ECF volume exceeds the intake of fluid. It occurs when water and electrolytes are lost in the same proportion as they exist in normal body ______.

Body fluid compartment is/are regulated by three main mechanisms: 1. Osmosis 2. Diffusion and Fluid volume disturbances. Fluid volume deficit (FVD), or hypovolemia, occurs when loss of ECF volume exceeds the intake of fluid. It occurs when water and electrolytes are lost in the same proportion as they exist in normal body ______.

Increased output, Hemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhea, burns, hypovolemia cont’d Increased HR Decreased motility; diminished bowel sounds, possible constipation IV therapy MONITOR WEIGHT and I & O fluid volume excess ( hype volemia ) Fluid volume excess (FVE), or hypervolemia, refers to an isotonic expansion of the ECF caused by the abnormal retention of water and sodium in approximately the same proportions in which they normally exist in the ECF.Weight gai n Management of Restore normal fluid balance, prevent further overload Regulates volume of body fluids Needed for nerve impulse & muscle fiber transmission (Na/K pump) Water shifts from ECF into cells S/S: abd cramps, confusion, N/V, H/A, pitting edema over sternum Results from Na+ gained in excess of H2O OR Water is lost in excess of Na+ Water shifts from cells to ECF thirst, dry mucous membranes & lips, oliguria, increased temp & pulse,flushed skin,confusion Major mineral in all cellular fluids Aids in muscle contraction, nerve & electrical impulse conduction, regulates enzyme activity, regulates IC H20 content, assists in acid-base balance Inversely proportional to Na Results from decreased intake, loss via GI/Renal & potassium depleting diuretics , decreased GI motility, cardiac arrhythmias diet/supplements/IV therapy Results from excessive intake, trauma, crush injuries, burns, renal failure muscle weakness, cardiac changes, N/V, para thesias of face/fingers/tongue diet/meds/IV therapy Needed for nerve transmission, vitamin B12 absorption, muscle contraction & blood clotting Vitamin D needed for Ca absorption Results from low intake, loop diuretics, parathyroid disorders, renal failure osteomalacia Results from hyperparathyroidism, some cancers, prolonged immobilization muscle weakness, renal calculi, fatigue, altered LOC, decreased GI motility, cardiac changes medication/ IV therapy

Water shifts from ECF into ______

Results from Na+ gained in excess of H2O OR Water is lost in excess of ______

Major mineral in all cellular fluids Aids in muscle contraction, nerve & electrical impulse conduction, regulates enzyme activity, regulates IC H20 content, assists in acid-base balance Inversely proportional to ______

Needed for nerve transmission, vitamin B12 absorption, muscle contraction & blood clotting Vitamin D needed for Ca absorption Results from low intake, loop diuretics, parathyroid disorders, renal failure ______