module 4 - acids-bases, electrolytes, fluids

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is true about oncotic pressure?

It is constant along the length of the capillary (correct)

It decreases along the length of the capillary

It is higher when plasma protein concentration is low

It is lower when plasma protein concentration is high

What drives water and low molecular mass solutes out of the capillary?

Heart pumping

Osmotic pressure

Oncotic pressure

Hydrostatic pressure (correct)

What is the major cation in the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

Cl-

PO4-

Na+ (correct)

K+

Which of the following is true about the movement of water across cell membranes?

It is most affected by the concentration of serum sodium Signup and view all the answers

What happens to osmolality if serum glucose concentration is high?

It increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate plasma osmolality?

Osmolality = 2 x [Na+] + [glucose] + [urea nitrogen] in mmol/kg Signup and view all the answers

What is the major anion in the intracellular fluid (ICF)?

PO4- Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sodium in the body?

Maintaining tonicity of extracellular fluid (ECF) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when there is too much sodium in the body?

The body filters more sodium into urine Signup and view all the answers

What happens to volume in the extracellular fluid (ECF) when there is water excess alone?

It increases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about pH is true?

If the [H+] is high, the pH is low (acidic) Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH range for arterial blood?

7.35 to 7.45 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of acidosis?

Excess acidity (low pH) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two broad classes of acid-base disorders?

Respiratory and metabolic Signup and view all the answers

What is the pKa value of His?

6.0 Signup and view all the answers

Which body system excretes acid in the form of CO2?

Respiratory buffer system Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH range for most tissues?

7.0 to 7.4 Signup and view all the answers

Which body system excretes H+ or regenerates/reabsorbs HCO3-?

Renal buffer system Signup and view all the answers

What is the net result of Imbalance (excess gain) in the bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system?

Leftwards increase Signup and view all the answers

Which body system shifts in response to excess acids and bases?

Blood buffer system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines osmosis?

The net flow of water across a semi-permeable barrier that equalizes solute concentrations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about osmotic potential is true?

Osmotic potential occurs when water moves from high osmolality to low osmolality Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes tonicity?

The movement of water from low osmolality to high osmolality Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about isotonic solutions?

There is no movement of water Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for osmolality?

Osmolality = (Number of solute particles) / (Mass of water) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes hypertonic solutions?

Water moves out of the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the main driving force for fluid shifts between the extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF)?

Osmotic concentration of the ECF Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between osmolality and osmolarity?

Osmolality cares about mass, while osmolarity cares about volume Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

Water moves into the cell Signup and view all the answers

What drives fluid shifts between the extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF)?

Disturbances to osmotic concentration of the ECF Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Oncotic Pressure and Fluid Balance

Oncotic pressure drives water and low molecular mass solutes out of the capillary
The major cation in the extracellular fluid (ECF) is sodium
Water and low molecular mass solutes move out of the capillary due to hydrostatic pressure

Osmolality and pH

Osmolality increases if serum glucose concentration is high
The formula to calculate plasma osmolality is not provided (but will be discussed later)
The major anion in the intracellular fluid (ICF) is not provided (but will be discussed later)

Sodium and pH Regulation

Sodium plays a crucial role in the body, but excessive sodium leads to volume expansion in the extracellular fluid (ECF)
The body system that excretes acid in the form of CO2 is the respiratory system
The pH range for arterial blood is not provided (but will be discussed later)

Acid-Base Balance

The two broad classes of acid-base disorders are respiratory and metabolic disorders
The pKa value of His is not provided (but will be discussed later)
Acidosis is a consequence of an imbalance in the bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system
The net result of an imbalance in the bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system is a change in pH

Osmosis and Tonicity

Osmosis is the movement of water across cell membranes from high to low concentration
Osmotic potential is related to the concentration of solutes in a solution
Tonicity is the ability of a solution to change the volume of a cell
Isotonic solutions have the same concentration of solutes as the cell
Hypertonic solutions have a higher concentration of solutes than the cell
The formula for osmolality is not provided (but will be discussed later)
The main driving force for fluid shifts between the extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF) is osmotic pressure
Osmolality and osmolarity differ in their units of measurement (osmolality is in osmoles per kilogram of solvent, osmolarity is in osmoles per liter of solution)
A cell in a hypotonic solution will swell and potentially lyse due to an influx of water

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Midterm Review Quiz on Body Fluids, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance