Body Fluids Composition and Blood Plasma

Body Fluids

• Total Body Water (TBW): approximately 55-60% of body weight in adults
• Intracellular Fluid (ICF): 40% of body weight, found inside cells
• Extracellular Fluid (ECF): 20% of body weight, found outside cells
  • Interstitial Fluid: 15% of body weight, surrounds cells
  • Intravascular Fluid (blood plasma): 5% of body weight, inside blood vessels

Blood Plasma Composition

• Water: 92%
• Proteins: 7%
  • Albumin: 60% of plasma proteins, maintains oncotic pressure
  • Globulins: 35% of plasma proteins, involved in immune function
  • Fibrinogen: 5% of plasma proteins, involved in blood clotting
• Nutrients: glucose, amino acids, fatty acids
• Waste products: urea, creatinine, bilirubin
• Electrolytes: sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium
• Hormones: insulin, thyroxine, aldosterone

Electrolyte Balance

• Sodium: helps regulate blood pressure, nerve function, and muscle contractions
• Potassium: crucial for heart function, muscle contractions, and nerve function
• Calcium: essential for bone health, muscle contractions, and nerve function
• Magnesium: involved in muscle contractions, nerve function, and bone health

Acid-Base Balance

• pH range: 7.35-7.45
• Acid-base regulation: lungs (CO2 removal), kidneys (H+ ion excretion), and buffers (bicarbonate, phosphate)

Fluid Shifts and Imbalance

• Dehydration: loss of body water, leading to decreased blood volume and electrolyte imbalance
• Overhydration: excess body water, leading to increased blood volume and electrolyte dilution
• Edema: excess fluid in interstitial space, causing swelling

Body Fluids

• Total Body Water (TBW) accounts for approximately 55-60% of body weight in adults
• Intracellular Fluid (ICF) makes up 40% of body weight and is found inside cells
• Extracellular Fluid (ECF) comprises 20% of body weight and is found outside cells

Extracellular Fluid Composition

• Interstitial Fluid surrounds cells and accounts for 15% of body weight
• Intravascular Fluid (blood plasma) is found inside blood vessels and accounts for 5% of body weight

Blood Plasma Composition

• Water is the main component of blood plasma, making up 92%
• Proteins account for 7% of blood plasma, with Albumin being the most abundant (60%)
• Globulins are involved in immune function and make up 35% of plasma proteins
• Fibrinogen is involved in blood clotting and accounts for 5% of plasma proteins
• Nutrients, such as glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids, are present in blood plasma
• Waste products, including urea, creatinine, and bilirubin, are also present
• Electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, are essential for various bodily functions
• Hormones, including insulin, thyroxine, and aldosterone, are transported in blood plasma

Electrolyte Balance

• Sodium is crucial for regulating blood pressure, nerve function, and muscle contractions
• Potassium is essential for heart function, muscle contractions, and nerve function
• Calcium is vital for bone health, muscle contractions, and nerve function
• Magnesium is involved in muscle contractions, nerve function, and bone health

Acid-Base Balance

• The pH range of the body is 7.35-7.45
• The body regulates acid-base balance through the lungs, kidneys, and buffers

Fluid Shifts and Imbalance

• Dehydration occurs when the body loses water, leading to decreased blood volume and electrolyte imbalance
• Overhydration occurs when the body takes in excess water, leading to increased blood volume and electrolyte dilution
• Edema is a condition where excess fluid accumulates in the interstitial space, causing swelling