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Questions and Answers
To maintain physiological function, the cells of the body require a constant supply of water (comprising ___ of the volume of fluid outside cells).
To maintain physiological function, the cells of the body require a constant supply of water (comprising ___ of the volume of fluid outside cells).
Which one of the following does the extracellular fluid NOT comprise:
Which one of the following does the extracellular fluid NOT comprise:
The ionic concentrations and ____ of body fluids are as important as their absolute quantity:
The ionic concentrations and ____ of body fluids are as important as their absolute quantity:
Stability of the volumes, solute concentrations and pH of the ECF and ICF involves each of the following inter-related processes, EXCEPT:
Stability of the volumes, solute concentrations and pH of the ECF and ICF involves each of the following inter-related processes, EXCEPT:
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The body is in ___ when the amount of water gained each day is equal to the amount lost into the environment. The digestive system is the primary route for water gains while the urinary system is the primary route for water loss.
The body is in ___ when the amount of water gained each day is equal to the amount lost into the environment. The digestive system is the primary route for water gains while the urinary system is the primary route for water loss.
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Fluid balance reflects primarily the control of ___ inside and outside of the cell and this is known as electrolyte balance.
Fluid balance reflects primarily the control of ___ inside and outside of the cell and this is known as electrolyte balance.
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___ are ions released through the breakdown of inorganic compounds and are so named because they conduct an electrical current in a solution.
___ are ions released through the breakdown of inorganic compounds and are so named because they conduct an electrical current in a solution.
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Each day, body fluids gain electrolytes from ingested food and water, and lose electrolytes in urine, sweat and feces. If the gains and losses for each electrolyte are in balance, the body is said to be in:
Each day, body fluids gain electrolytes from ingested food and water, and lose electrolytes in urine, sweat and feces. If the gains and losses for each electrolyte are in balance, the body is said to be in:
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Electrolyte balance primarily involves balancing the rates of absorption across the digestive tract with rates of loss at the:
Electrolyte balance primarily involves balancing the rates of absorption across the digestive tract with rates of loss at the:
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The body is in acid-base balance when the production of ___ in the body is precisely matched by their loss.
The body is in acid-base balance when the production of ___ in the body is precisely matched by their loss.
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Preventing a reduction of pH is complicated as the body generates a variety of ___ during normal metabolism
Preventing a reduction of pH is complicated as the body generates a variety of ___ during normal metabolism
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The extracellular fluid (ECF) and the intracellular fluid (ICF) are called:
The extracellular fluid (ECF) and the intracellular fluid (ICF) are called:
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The principal ions in the extracellular fluid (ECF) are all of the following, EXCEPT:
The principal ions in the extracellular fluid (ECF) are all of the following, EXCEPT:
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The principal components of the intracellular fluid (ICF) include large numbers of ___ proteins.
The principal components of the intracellular fluid (ICF) include large numbers of ___ proteins.
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Cell membranes are ___ and ions can only enter or leave by specific channels or carriers.
Cell membranes are ___ and ions can only enter or leave by specific channels or carriers.
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Despite the differences in concentration of specific substances, the intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF) ___ concentrations in most instances are identical as water can freely move across cell membranes.
Despite the differences in concentration of specific substances, the intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF) ___ concentrations in most instances are identical as water can freely move across cell membranes.
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Minor components of the extracellular fluid (ECF) include each of the following, EXCEPT:
Minor components of the extracellular fluid (ECF) include each of the following, EXCEPT:
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In clinical situations, it is customary to approximate that two-thirds of the total body water (TBW) is in the
In clinical situations, it is customary to approximate that two-thirds of the total body water (TBW) is in the
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Continuous movement of water through the extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF) functions to perform all of the following, EXCEPT:
Continuous movement of water through the extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF) functions to perform all of the following, EXCEPT:
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Which of the following is NOT one of the four key concepts in the regulation of fluids and electrolytes?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four key concepts in the regulation of fluids and electrolytes?
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Which of the following hormones is NOT involved in the major physiological adjustments affecting fluid balance and electrolyte balance?
Which of the following hormones is NOT involved in the major physiological adjustments affecting fluid balance and electrolyte balance?
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Which two major ions contribute to the osmotic concentrations of the extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF), respectively?
Which two major ions contribute to the osmotic concentrations of the extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF), respectively?
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___ are substances that combine with hydrogen (H+) ions (pH > 7).
___ are substances that combine with hydrogen (H+) ions (pH > 7).
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Slight changes in acid-base balance can cause each of the following, EXCEPT:
Slight changes in acid-base balance can cause each of the following, EXCEPT:
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Which of the following is NOT a major mechanism to maintain hydrogen (H+) ion homeostasis:
Which of the following is NOT a major mechanism to maintain hydrogen (H+) ion homeostasis:
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Buffers are dissolved compounds that can remove:
Buffers are dissolved compounds that can remove:
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Which of the following is NOT one of the three main acid-base buffer systems:
Which of the following is NOT one of the three main acid-base buffer systems:
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The functions of blood include each of the following, EXCEPT:
The functions of blood include each of the following, EXCEPT:
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Formed elements of blood include each of the following, EXCEPT:
Formed elements of blood include each of the following, EXCEPT:
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Red blood cells are formed by differentiation of embryonic stem cells ______ in the red bone marrow.
Red blood cells are formed by differentiation of embryonic stem cells ______ in the red bone marrow.
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Which of the following white blood cell types is responsible for the body's specific defenses?
Which of the following white blood cell types is responsible for the body's specific defenses?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of platelets?
Which of the following is NOT a function of platelets?
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The cessation of bleeding is also called:
The cessation of bleeding is also called:
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The three phases of haemostasis include each of the following, EXCEPT:
The three phases of haemostasis include each of the following, EXCEPT:
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The ___ pathway - which begins when enzymes from either the extrinsic or intrinsic pathways activate Factor X starting a cascade ending with conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.
The ___ pathway - which begins when enzymes from either the extrinsic or intrinsic pathways activate Factor X starting a cascade ending with conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.
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Which of the following is NOT an organ of the lymphatic system?
Which of the following is NOT an organ of the lymphatic system?
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Lymphatic vessels carry lymph from peripheral tissues through the lymph nodes (which filtrate foreign substances from lymph) to the:
Lymphatic vessels carry lymph from peripheral tissues through the lymph nodes (which filtrate foreign substances from lymph) to the:
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Movement of interstitial fluid into lymphatic vessels depends on the interstitial fluid ___ pressure.
Movement of interstitial fluid into lymphatic vessels depends on the interstitial fluid ___ pressure.
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The blockage of lymphatic vessels can result in a rise in the volume of interstitial fluid, which can result in a massive regional:
The blockage of lymphatic vessels can result in a rise in the volume of interstitial fluid, which can result in a massive regional:
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Which one of the following is part of the lymphatic system's non-specific defenses?
Which one of the following is part of the lymphatic system's non-specific defenses?
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Study Notes
Body Fluids and Circulation Self-Assessment
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Water Requirements: Cells require a constant water supply, comprising approximately 75% of the fluid outside cells.
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Extracellular Fluid Composition: Extracellular fluid does not include cytosol.
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Ionic Concentrations: The concentrations and quantity of body fluid ions (e.g., volume, pH, density) are critical to bodily functions.
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Fluid Balance Regulation: Stability of fluid volumes, solute concentrations, and pH is maintained through interconnected processes like fluid balance, electrolyte balance, and acid-base balance.
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Water Balance: When water intake equals water output, it is considered a state of water balance
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Fluid Balance Control: Fluid balance is primarily controlled by electrolyte balance processes. For example, the cell's control of ionic concentrations.
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Electrolytes: Electrolytes are ions released through inorganic compounds, able to conduct electrical currents in solution.
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Body Electrolyte Regulation: Daily gains and losses of electrolytes in fluids (ingested food and water vs. urine, sweat, feces) need to be balanced for the body to maintain homeostasis.
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Acid-Base Balance: Acid-base balance occurs when the production of hydrogen ions is precisely matched by their loss.
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Fluid Compartments: The body fluids are divided into extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF).
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Major Extracellular Ions: The ECF primarily consists of Sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate.
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Intracellular Components : The ICF has numerous protein molecules.
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Membrane Permeability: Cell membranes are selectively permeable, regulating the passage of ions and other substances.
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Body Fluid Movement to Maintain Homeostasis: The continuous movement of water through the ECF and ICF helps maintain communication between fluids and regulates body temperature, accelerating the transport of nutrients, hormones, and dissolved gases.
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Hormonal Regulation: Several hormones, like antidiuretic hormone (ADH), aldosterone, and the natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP) play roles in regulating fluid and electrolyte balance.
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Buffer Systems: The body uses buffer systems (e.g., bicarbonate, phosphate, protein) to maintain appropriate pH conditions.
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Blood Functions: Blood transport dissolved gases, nutrients, hormones, and waste; supports and cushions the CNS; regulates temperature; and supports immunity.
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Blood Components: Blood consists of formed elements (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets) and plasma.
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Lymphatic System Components: The organs of the lymphatic system are the lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen, among others.
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Lymphatic Vessels: Lymphatic vessels transport lymph fluid with foreign substances filtered through lymph nodes before returning it to the circulatory system.
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Interstitial Fluid Pressure and Movement: Movement of interstitial fluid into lymphatic vessels relies on hydrostatic pressure.
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Body Blockage and Edema: Loss of lymphatic vessels can lead to the buildup of interstitial fluid and a condition known as edema.
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Immune System Function: Lymphatic system components like lymphocytes play a role in the body's specific immune defenses. The lymphatic system also plays a role in non-specific defenses like inflammation.
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Description
Test your knowledge on body fluids and circulation with this self-assessment quiz. Explore key concepts such as water requirements, extracellular fluid composition, and the regulation of fluid balance. Understand the critical role of electrolytes and ionic concentrations in maintaining bodily functions.
