Body Fluids and Circulation Self-Assessment

To maintain physiological function, the cells of the body require a constant supply of water (comprising ___ of the volume of fluid outside cells).

Which one of the following does the extracellular fluid NOT comprise:

The ionic concentrations and ____ of body fluids are as important as their absolute quantity:

Stability of the volumes, solute concentrations and pH of the ECF and ICF involves each of the following inter-related processes, EXCEPT:

The body is in ___ when the amount of water gained each day is equal to the amount lost into the environment. The digestive system is the primary route for water gains while the urinary system is the primary route for water loss.

Fluid balance reflects primarily the control of ___ inside and outside of the cell and this is known as electrolyte balance.

___ are ions released through the breakdown of inorganic compounds and are so named because they conduct an electrical current in a solution.

Each day, body fluids gain electrolytes from ingested food and water, and lose electrolytes in urine, sweat and feces. If the gains and losses for each electrolyte are in balance, the body is said to be in:

Electrolyte balance primarily involves balancing the rates of absorption across the digestive tract with rates of loss at the:

The body is in acid-base balance when the production of ___ in the body is precisely matched by their loss.

Preventing a reduction of pH is complicated as the body generates a variety of ___ during normal metabolism

The extracellular fluid (ECF) and the intracellular fluid (ICF) are called:

The principal ions in the extracellular fluid (ECF) are all of the following, EXCEPT:

The principal components of the intracellular fluid (ICF) include large numbers of ___ proteins.

Cell membranes are ___ and ions can only enter or leave by specific channels or carriers.

Despite the differences in concentration of specific substances, the intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF) ___ concentrations in most instances are identical as water can freely move across cell membranes.

Minor components of the extracellular fluid (ECF) include each of the following, EXCEPT:

In clinical situations, it is customary to approximate that two-thirds of the total body water (TBW) is in the

Continuous movement of water through the extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF) functions to perform all of the following, EXCEPT:

Which of the following is NOT one of the four key concepts in the regulation of fluids and electrolytes?

Which of the following hormones is NOT involved in the major physiological adjustments affecting fluid balance and electrolyte balance?

Which two major ions contribute to the osmotic concentrations of the extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF), respectively?

___ are substances that combine with hydrogen (H+) ions (pH > 7).

Slight changes in acid-base balance can cause each of the following, EXCEPT:

Which of the following is NOT a major mechanism to maintain hydrogen (H+) ion homeostasis:

Buffers are dissolved compounds that can remove:

Which of the following is NOT one of the three main acid-base buffer systems:

The functions of blood include each of the following, EXCEPT:

Formed elements of blood include each of the following, EXCEPT:

Red blood cells are formed by differentiation of embryonic stem cells ______ in the red bone marrow.

Which of the following white blood cell types is responsible for the body's specific defenses?

Which of the following is NOT a function of platelets?

The cessation of bleeding is also called:

The three phases of haemostasis include each of the following, EXCEPT:

The ___ pathway - which begins when enzymes from either the extrinsic or intrinsic pathways activate Factor X starting a cascade ending with conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

Which of the following is NOT an organ of the lymphatic system?

Lymphatic vessels carry lymph from peripheral tissues through the lymph nodes (which filtrate foreign substances from lymph) to the:

Movement of interstitial fluid into lymphatic vessels depends on the interstitial fluid ___ pressure.

The blockage of lymphatic vessels can result in a rise in the volume of interstitial fluid, which can result in a massive regional:

Which one of the following is part of the lymphatic system's non-specific defenses?