Body Fluid Compartments and Factors Affecting Body Water Content
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Questions and Answers

Total body water is either: Intracellular fluid (ICF): inside the cell & represent 2/3 of total body water or 40% of total body weight or

28 Liters

Extracellular fluid (ECF): outside the cell & represent 1/3 of total body water or 20 % of total body weight or

14 Liters

Interstitial: bathing the body cells and called internal environment (3/4 of ECF or 15% of total body weight or

10.5 L

Intravascular: inside blood vessels (plasma) (1/4 of ECF or 5% of total body weight or

<p>3 L</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transcellular fluid: small compartment (about ______). It includes fluid in the synovial, peritoneal, pericardial, and intraocular spaces, as well as the cerebrospinal fluid; it is usually considered to be a specialized type of ECF, although in some cases its composition may differ markedly from ECF. ICF & ECF are separated by the cell membranes which keeps the composition of the 2 fluids different.

<p>0.5 Liter</p> Signup and view all the answers

Age: Water in newly born infants represent ______ of total body weight but in old age, water represents only about 45%.

<p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fat content or the Body mass index (BMI): in obese persons water represent ______ only of total body weight.

<p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sex: In females water represent ______ only of total body weight due to high fat content.

<p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intravascular: inside blood vessels (plasma) (1/4 of ECF or 5% of total body weight or ______.

<p>3 L</p> Signup and view all the answers

Extracellular fluid (ECF): outside the cell & represent 1/3 of total body water or ______ of total body weight or 14 Liters).

<p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic aromatic compounds?

<p>Pyrimidines and Purines</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the pyrimidines that occur in DNA.

<p>Cytosine and Thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the principal purines of both DNA and RNA?

<p>Adenine and Guanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the end product of purine metabolism?

<p>Uric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one disorder associated with purine metabolism.

<p>Gout</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common causes of primary metabolic gout?

<p>Increased activity of enzymes of purine synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of gout and which gender does it mostly affect?

<p>About 3 per 1000 persons, mostly affecting males</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common complication of gout and how does it occur?

<p>Kidney stones; occur when uric acid precipitates as a salt in the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for gout involving the removal of urates from the joint and from the body?

<p>Use of colchicine and uricosuric drugs for joint; allopurinol for the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Lesch-Nyhan syndrome and who does it affect?

<p>X-linked metabolic disorder affecting only males, characterized by excessive uric acid production and neurological abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the important pyrimidines that occur in DNA?

<p>Cytosine and thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the principal purines of both DNA and RNA?

<p>Adenine and guanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the end products of purine metabolism?

<p>Uric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one disorder associated with purine metabolism.

<p>Lesch-Nyhan syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the names of the parent compounds of the two types of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic aromatic compounds?

<p>Pyrimidine and purine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of gout and which gender does it mostly affect?

<p>The prevalence of gout is about 3 per 1000 persons, mostly affecting males.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common causes of primary metabolic gout?

<p>Primary metabolic gout is an inborn error of purine metabolism due to overproduction of uric acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common complication of gout and how does it occur?

<p>The most common complication of gout is kidney stones, which occur when uric acid precipitates as a salt in the kidneys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for gout involving the removal of urates from the joint and from the body?

<p>The treatment involves the use of colchicine to remove urates from the joint and uricosuric drugs such as probenecid, sulfinpyrazole, salicylates to remove urates from the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Lesch-Nyhan syndrome and who does it affect?

<p>Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is an X-linked metabolic disorder affecting only males, characterized by excessive uric acid production and neurological abnormalities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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