Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which procedure is used to collect peritoneal fluid?
Which procedure is used to collect peritoneal fluid?
What is the primary purpose of a 24-hour urine collection?
What is the primary purpose of a 24-hour urine collection?
In a clinical laboratory, which department is responsible for performing gram stains and cultures on body fluids?
In a clinical laboratory, which department is responsible for performing gram stains and cultures on body fluids?
Which of these is NOT a primary solute found in normal urine?
Which of these is NOT a primary solute found in normal urine?
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What change is expected in urine left at room temperature greater than 2 hours?
What change is expected in urine left at room temperature greater than 2 hours?
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What characterizes a 'first morning void' specimen?
What characterizes a 'first morning void' specimen?
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Which of these describes a condition with decreased urine output?
Which of these describes a condition with decreased urine output?
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What is a 'requisition' in the context of laboratory testing?
What is a 'requisition' in the context of laboratory testing?
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Study Notes
Body Fluid Collection Processes
- Lumbar Puncture (CSF): A needle is inserted into the lumbar region to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
- Thoracentesis (Pleural Fluid): A needle is inserted into the pleural space to collect pleural fluid.
- Pericardiocentesis (Pericardial Fluid): A needle is inserted into the pericardial sac to obtain pericardial fluid.
- Paracentesis (Ascites): A needle is inserted into the peritoneal cavity to remove accumulated peritoneal fluid (ascites).
Laboratory Departments and Analyses
- Hematology: Analyze blood components, including cells and counts.
- Clinical Chemistry: Measures various substances in body fluids, such as glucose and protein concentrations in urine and other samples.
- Microbiology: Examines for infectious agents through staining techniques (e.g., Gram stain) and cultures on body fluids like urine.
- Cytology/Pathology: Examines cell structure and function for signs of abnormality in body fluids.
Primary Solutes in Normal Urine
- Urea
- Creatinine
- Uric acid
- Chloride
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Phosphate
- Ammonium
- Calcium
Basic Urine Composition
- Urine consists of water, urea, organic chemicals, and inorganic chemicals.
Average Daily Urine Volume
- A normal adult produces 1200-1500 mL of urine daily.
Changes in Urine After Sitting at Room Temperature
- Urine color changes
- Clarity decreases
- Glucose, ketones, bilirubin, urobilinogen, trichomonas, red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and casts increase.
- Odor, pH, nitrite, and bacteria increase.
Urine Specimen Collection Techniques
- Midstream Clean Void: Minimizes contamination by starting urination, then collecting a midstream portion of the sample.
- Catheterization: A catheter is inserted into the urethra to collect a urine sample directly from the bladder.
- Suprapubic Aspiration: A needle is inserted through the abdomen to collect urine directly from the bladder.
- Pediatric Collection Bags: Use bags attached to the genital area for children.
- Random Void: A sample collected at any time, often used for routine screening tests.
- First Morning Void: Ideally suited for tests requiring a concentrated sample, useful for pregnancy and proteinuria.
- Timed (24-Hour): A 24-hour collection to measure the total amount of certain substances in urine.
Urine Volume Terminology
- Oliguria: Decreased urine output.
- Anuria: No urine production.
- Nocturia: Increased urine production at night.
- Polyuria: Increased urine excretion.
Urine Preservation Methods
- Refrigeration
- Boric acid
- Formalin
- Sodium fluoride
- Commercial preservative tablets
Requisition Definition
- A formal order/request for use of materials/resources.
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Description
This quiz covers the techniques used for collecting various body fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid and pleural fluid. It also explores laboratory departments involved in the analysis of these fluids, including hematology, microbiology, and clinical chemistry. Test your knowledge on these essential medical procedures and their purposes.
