BO101 Medical Microbiology: Disease-Causing Micro-organisms

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is MRSA primarily characterized by?

Requirement for anaerobic conditions

Production of toxins

Ability to form spores

Resistance to methicillin antibiotics (correct)

Which Clostridium species is commonly associated with a serious gastrointestinal condition after antibiotic treatment?

C.perfringens

C.tetani

C.botulinum

C.difficile (correct)

Which characteristic is NOT associated with Clostridium difficile?

Heat resistance

Motility (correct)

Spore formation

Anaerobic growth

What is the primary mode of transmission for Vibrio cholerae?

Contaminated water Signup and view all the answers

What is the most potent toxin known, produced by Clostridium botulinum?

Neurotoxin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is associated with cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae?

Profuse diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical mortality timeframe for untreated cholera infections?

12-24 hours Signup and view all the answers

What type of infections are Staphylococcus epidermidis primarily responsible for?

Opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients Signup and view all the answers

Candida albicans is primarily known for causing what type of infections?

Superficial skin infections Signup and view all the answers

Which historical event is associated with a cholera outbreak leading to significant mortality?

London cholera outbreak in 1854 Signup and view all the answers

What is typically a mode of transmission for Salmonella typhi?

Water and food Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with typhoid fever caused by S. typhi?

Nausea and vomiting Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the variability of Salmonella typhi is true?

There are over 2000 antigenic types. Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence faced by Mary Mallon, known as 'Typhoid Mary'?

She was incarcerated for being a carrier of the disease. Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended to ensure safe consumption of drinks to prevent infections?

Drink only bottled water that you open yourself. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is NOT a desired feature of a detection test for disease-causing organisms?

Complex procedures Signup and view all the answers

What component is essential for immunosensors to detect an antibody-antigen interaction?

An immobilised antibody or fragment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary goal when testing for disease-causing organisms?

Enhancing test sensitivity Signup and view all the answers

What is one major disadvantage of immunosensors compared to other detection methods like HPLC?

They are not quantitative Signup and view all the answers

Which disease detection method is characterized by a 100% sensitivity and 99.7% specificity in the context provided?

Trinity Uni-Gold Recombigen HIV-1 blood test Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant advantage of using immunosensors in environmental monitoring?

They can be reused Signup and view all the answers

For which type of disease detection is DNA fingerprinting particularly useful?

Genetic diseases including pre-symptomatic testing Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best represents the relationship between sensitivity and specificity in disease detection methods?

Increasing sensitivity generally decreases specificity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

It is an obligate aerobe. Signup and view all the answers

What is the death rate for active and untreated tuberculosis?

50% Signup and view all the answers

How does Escherichia coli primarily contribute to public health concerns?

As an indicator of faecal contamination. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following illnesses can be caused by pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli?

Infantile diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

What role does poor health and crowding play in the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

They contribute to the transmission of the bacterium. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a characteristic of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

It can undergo sporulation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended food safety advice from WHO regarding Escherichia coli?

Do not eat raw vegetables or other raw foods. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the global population?

It affects 1.7 billion people annually. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of bacteria cannot be classified as Gram positive?

Escherichia coli Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of Staphylococcus aureus?

It can produce various toxins for survival. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with Staphylococcus aureus infections?

Scalded skin syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What temperature and duration is effective in killing Staphylococcus aureus?

65°C for 30 mins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following microbes is considered a fungus?

Candida albicans Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a virulence factor of Staphylococcus aureus?

Toxin production Signup and view all the answers

Why is Staphylococcus aureus considered a significant pathogen despite its sensitivity to many antibiotics?

It can survive in dried conditions for extended periods. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is associated with Gram negative bacteria?

Typhoid fever Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Course Content

The course is titled BO101 Medical Microbiology
Topics include:
- Disease-causing micro-organisms
- Diagnosis, control, and therapy

Topic 1: Disease-Causing Micro-organisms

Microbes:
- Bacteria (Gram +, Gram -)
- Viruses
- Yeasts
- Others
Size/Scale: Microscopic, ranging from 1 μm for bacteria to less than 0.03 μm (30 nm) for some viruses
Phylogenetic Tree: Illustrates evolutionary relationships among various organisms, including microorganisms
Gram + Bacteria Examples:
- Cocci: Staphylococcus (aureus, epidermis), Streptococcus (pneumoniae, pyogenes)
- Rods: Clostridium (difficile, perfringens, botulinum, tetani), Bacillus (cereus, anthracis), Mycobacterium (leprae, tuberculosis)
Gram - Bacteria Examples:
- Rods: Escherichia (coli), Salmonella (enterica, typhi), Vibrio (cholerae)
- Neisseria (meningitidis, gonorrhoeae)
Fungi Examples: Candida (albicans)
Viruses Examples: Smallpox, Herpes, Influenza, HIV, Prions (e.g., CJD)
Other Important Pathogens: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB); Clostridium difficile (diarrhea); other Clostridium species.

Topic 2: Diagnosis, Control, and Therapy

Infection Detection Methods:
- Identifying specific antigens (e.g., proteins, glycan chains), DNA, or RNA
- Immunosensors (Ab-Ag interaction)
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for amplifying specific DNA sequences.
Treatment:
- Traditional use of antibiotics (naturally derived anti-microbials, chemically modified).
- Now screening various environments.
- Delivery methods (e.g., gene gun)
- Genetic diagnostics and methods for early and comprehensive diagnosis.
Prevention:
- Vaccination – exposure to a pathogen leads to lasting immunity.
- Recombinant DNA techniques as a new approach.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the realm of disease-causing micro-organisms in this quiz from the BO101 Medical Microbiology course. Learn about various microbes, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, as well as their classifications and examples. Test your knowledge on the microscopic world that affects human health.