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A patient is taking ranitidine for gastroesophageal reflux disease. What are the possible side effects (more than one are possible)
A patient is taking ranitidine for gastroesophageal reflux disease. What are the possible side effects (more than one are possible)
A 16-year-old boy presents with shortness of breath. A history of present illness reveals that he has an upper respiratory infection causing an asthma exacerbation. He reports using his albuterol (short-acting beta agonist) daily. On physical examination, he has diffuse bilateral wheezing, and he is not using accessory muscles. The provider adds montelukast to control his asthma symptoms and allergies. What is the mechanism of action for this drug?
A 16-year-old boy presents with shortness of breath. A history of present illness reveals that he has an upper respiratory infection causing an asthma exacerbation. He reports using his albuterol (short-acting beta agonist) daily. On physical examination, he has diffuse bilateral wheezing, and he is not using accessory muscles. The provider adds montelukast to control his asthma symptoms and allergies. What is the mechanism of action for this drug?
A 17-year-old boy presented to the outpatient department with a productive cough for the past 4 months. His mother complains that he does not eat enough and feels that he has been losing weight also. There is a longstanding history of recurrent respiratory infections. A sweat chloride level estimation is performed, and the result came out to be 86 mmol/L. The child is started on antibiotics, pancreatic enzymes, chest physiotherapy, and a mucolytic drug dornase alpha. By what mechanism of action is this drug expected to improve the child's condition?
A 17-year-old boy presented to the outpatient department with a productive cough for the past 4 months. His mother complains that he does not eat enough and feels that he has been losing weight also. There is a longstanding history of recurrent respiratory infections. A sweat chloride level estimation is performed, and the result came out to be 86 mmol/L. The child is started on antibiotics, pancreatic enzymes, chest physiotherapy, and a mucolytic drug dornase alpha. By what mechanism of action is this drug expected to improve the child's condition?
A 65-year-old man presents with fatigue and gait imbalance for the past six months. A review of systems is positive for fatigue, difficulty performing his activities of daily living, and breathlessness after walking short distances. He reports multiple falls over the past several months and has trouble navigating narrow and dark alleys. He has a past medical history of hypothyroidism and vitiligo. His physical examination reveals conjunctival pallor and glossitis. His neurological examination reveals diminished proprioceptive sensation in both lower limbs and an abnormal Babinski reflex. Laboratory testing shows a hemoglobin of 7 g/dL, a WBC count of 2,000/μL, a platelet count of 70,000/μL, and a reticulocyte count of 1.5%. He is started on intramuscular injections of an appropriate agent. Monitoring of which of the following should be considered?
A 65-year-old man presents with fatigue and gait imbalance for the past six months. A review of systems is positive for fatigue, difficulty performing his activities of daily living, and breathlessness after walking short distances. He reports multiple falls over the past several months and has trouble navigating narrow and dark alleys. He has a past medical history of hypothyroidism and vitiligo. His physical examination reveals conjunctival pallor and glossitis. His neurological examination reveals diminished proprioceptive sensation in both lower limbs and an abnormal Babinski reflex. Laboratory testing shows a hemoglobin of 7 g/dL, a WBC count of 2,000/μL, a platelet count of 70,000/μL, and a reticulocyte count of 1.5%. He is started on intramuscular injections of an appropriate agent. Monitoring of which of the following should be considered?
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A patient with hypertriglyceridemia is placed on niacin and a second drug that specifically lowers triglycerides. What is the mechanism of action of the second drug
A patient with hypertriglyceridemia is placed on niacin and a second drug that specifically lowers triglycerides. What is the mechanism of action of the second drug
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Julie H is a 32 year old woman with a history of mild hypertension who is planning to begin a family with her husband in the immediate future. She is currently being treated with Hyzaar (a combination of hydrochlorothiazide and losartan). Which agent could she be switched to that has a well established track record for saftey in the treatment of essential hypertension during pregnacy?
Julie H is a 32 year old woman with a history of mild hypertension who is planning to begin a family with her husband in the immediate future. She is currently being treated with Hyzaar (a combination of hydrochlorothiazide and losartan). Which agent could she be switched to that has a well established track record for saftey in the treatment of essential hypertension during pregnacy?
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John's vital signs indicate that he is hemodynamically stable, despite his arrhythmia. As the chief emergency room physician, what would be the quickest & least invasive step you could take to try and abruptly stop John's arrhythmia?
John's vital signs indicate that he is hemodynamically stable, despite his arrhythmia. As the chief emergency room physician, what would be the quickest & least invasive step you could take to try and abruptly stop John's arrhythmia?
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A patient treated with digoxin complains of nausea, malaise, and "just not feeling well." Digitalis toxicity is suspected. What are the therapeutic levels of digoxin
A patient treated with digoxin complains of nausea, malaise, and "just not feeling well." Digitalis toxicity is suspected. What are the therapeutic levels of digoxin
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A patient with acne keloidalis nuchae presents for an initial visit. The exam reveals a large fibrotic plaque on the posterior neck with multiple pustules with significant drainage. What is the most appropriate initial treatment?
A patient with acne keloidalis nuchae presents for an initial visit. The exam reveals a large fibrotic plaque on the posterior neck with multiple pustules with significant drainage. What is the most appropriate initial treatment?
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A 45-year-old man with a history of valve replacement undergoes a wisdom tooth extraction. Two weeks later, the patient presents to the hospital with fever, erythematous, papular lesions on the palms and soles, white-centered retinal hemorrhages, red-colored urine, and edema of the hands, feet, and abdomen. Cardiac auscultation reveals a murmur. What is the most common side effect of the most appropriate medication that could have prevented this outcome?
A 45-year-old man with a history of valve replacement undergoes a wisdom tooth extraction. Two weeks later, the patient presents to the hospital with fever, erythematous, papular lesions on the palms and soles, white-centered retinal hemorrhages, red-colored urine, and edema of the hands, feet, and abdomen. Cardiac auscultation reveals a murmur. What is the most common side effect of the most appropriate medication that could have prevented this outcome?
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Compared to ciprofloxacin levofloxacin has improved activity against
Compared to ciprofloxacin levofloxacin has improved activity against
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A 16-year-old is seen in the emergency department with a sore throat and a cough for 3 days. He denies smoking and says he has general malaise and arthralgia. Examination reveals mild cervical adenopathy. Blood work is normal, but the smear reveals the presence of Downey cells. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A 16-year-old is seen in the emergency department with a sore throat and a cough for 3 days. He denies smoking and says he has general malaise and arthralgia. Examination reveals mild cervical adenopathy. Blood work is normal, but the smear reveals the presence of Downey cells. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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13 A 45-year-old man presents to the clinic with a history of itchy rash and white discharge from his penis for the last three days. On examination, there is a curdy white discharge when lifting his prepuce with mild redness. He denies any sexual activity over the previous six months. His blood pressure is 120/78 mmHg, the temperature is 97.1 F(36,1֠C) , the pulse is 78/min, and his BMI is 32 kg/m2. The clinician makes a diagnosis of balanitis and plans to treat him with clotrimazole cream. Which one of the following is the pharmacological action of this medication?
13 A 45-year-old man presents to the clinic with a history of itchy rash and white discharge from his penis for the last three days. On examination, there is a curdy white discharge when lifting his prepuce with mild redness. He denies any sexual activity over the previous six months. His blood pressure is 120/78 mmHg, the temperature is 97.1 F(36,1֠C) , the pulse is 78/min, and his BMI is 32 kg/m2. The clinician makes a diagnosis of balanitis and plans to treat him with clotrimazole cream. Which one of the following is the pharmacological action of this medication?
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A 28-year-old man complains of dull pain and heaviness in the right testicle. On physical examination, the right testis appears enlarged. An orchidectomy was performed and treatment was started. Which of the following is a drug used in combination therapy for testicular carcinoma but may cause nephrotoxicity
A 28-year-old man complains of dull pain and heaviness in the right testicle. On physical examination, the right testis appears enlarged. An orchidectomy was performed and treatment was started. Which of the following is a drug used in combination therapy for testicular carcinoma but may cause nephrotoxicity
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PPARƴ receptors, which are activated by thiazolidinediones, increase tissue sensitivity to insulin by
PPARƴ receptors, which are activated by thiazolidinediones, increase tissue sensitivity to insulin by
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A teenage boy receiving androgen therapy for hypogonadism. What side effects may occur (more than one answer is possible)
A teenage boy receiving androgen therapy for hypogonadism. What side effects may occur (more than one answer is possible)
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The main difference between leuproline (leuprolide) and ganirelix is that ganirelix
The main difference between leuproline (leuprolide) and ganirelix is that ganirelix
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Based on the World Health Organization pain ladder, the medication of choice for mild pain related to pancreatitis should be which of the following?
Based on the World Health Organization pain ladder, the medication of choice for mild pain related to pancreatitis should be which of the following?
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Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) linked to emphysema development include which of the following?
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) linked to emphysema development include which of the following?
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Which statement best describes clopidogrel
Which statement best describes clopidogrel
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