Podcast
Questions and Answers
In clinical virology, what is the significance of monitoring viral illnesses?
In clinical virology, what is the significance of monitoring viral illnesses?
Why are virus diagnostics needed for routine public health measures?
Why are virus diagnostics needed for routine public health measures?
What is the purpose of surveillance in clinical virology?
What is the purpose of surveillance in clinical virology?
What does the term 'sensitivity' refer to in clinical virology?
What does the term 'sensitivity' refer to in clinical virology?
Signup and view all the answers
How do virus diagnostics contribute to appropriate patient management in clinical virology?
How do virus diagnostics contribute to appropriate patient management in clinical virology?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main method of clinical virology for identifying new viruses?
What is the main method of clinical virology for identifying new viruses?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary reason for using a plaque assay in virology?
What is the primary reason for using a plaque assay in virology?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of microscopy provides high enough resolution to visualize viruses?
Which type of microscopy provides high enough resolution to visualize viruses?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main consequence of rabies infection if left untreated?
What is the main consequence of rabies infection if left untreated?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the incubation period for rabies?
What is the incubation period for rabies?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary recommendation by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diagnosing rabies?
What is the primary recommendation by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diagnosing rabies?
Signup and view all the answers
What proportion of GPs in Europe are involved with sentinel surveillance of Influenza-like illness (ILI)?
What proportion of GPs in Europe are involved with sentinel surveillance of Influenza-like illness (ILI)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is recommended by UK Health Safety Agency (UKHSA) regarding reporting of respiratory viruses?
What is recommended by UK Health Safety Agency (UKHSA) regarding reporting of respiratory viruses?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of all human viruses known today were unknown at the end of World War II?
What percentage of all human viruses known today were unknown at the end of World War II?
Signup and view all the answers
Which method is impractical for large scale testing due to low sensitivity?
Which method is impractical for large scale testing due to low sensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
What can a positive PCR result indicate?
What can a positive PCR result indicate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of a lower cycle threshold value in qPCR?
What is the significance of a lower cycle threshold value in qPCR?
Signup and view all the answers
Which technique has replaced ELISA in many instances for virus detection?
Which technique has replaced ELISA in many instances for virus detection?
Signup and view all the answers
Which method is known for its use in rapid, point-of-care testing for viruses?
Which method is known for its use in rapid, point-of-care testing for viruses?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main advantage of lateral flow tests for virus detection?
What is the main advantage of lateral flow tests for virus detection?
Signup and view all the answers
What do accurate and precise diagnostic tests refer to?
What do accurate and precise diagnostic tests refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
Which method relies on the binding of sialic acid receptors on RBCs to influenza HA protein for virus detection?
Which method relies on the binding of sialic acid receptors on RBCs to influenza HA protein for virus detection?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main drawback of serology as a diagnostic technique?
What is the main drawback of serology as a diagnostic technique?
Signup and view all the answers
Which method allows for detection and differentiation of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses?
Which method allows for detection and differentiation of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses?
Signup and view all the answers
What was discovered in organisms living in hot springs that revolutionized PCR technology?
What was discovered in organisms living in hot springs that revolutionized PCR technology?
Signup and view all the answers
Appropriate management of patients is the primary reason for virus diagnostics in clinical virology.
Appropriate management of patients is the primary reason for virus diagnostics in clinical virology.
Signup and view all the answers
Routine public health measures include screening of donated blood for HIV, HepB, and HepC.
Routine public health measures include screening of donated blood for HIV, HepB, and HepC.
Signup and view all the answers
Virus diagnostics are used to monitor the significance and prevalence of viruses in a community.
Virus diagnostics are used to monitor the significance and prevalence of viruses in a community.
Signup and view all the answers
The main purpose of surveillance in clinical virology is to inform patient treatment and prognosis.
The main purpose of surveillance in clinical virology is to inform patient treatment and prognosis.
Signup and view all the answers
Zoonotic viruses are not included in the surveillance conducted using virus diagnostics.
Zoonotic viruses are not included in the surveillance conducted using virus diagnostics.
Signup and view all the answers
Virus diagnostics do not contribute to appropriate management of patients in clinical virology.
Virus diagnostics do not contribute to appropriate management of patients in clinical virology.
Signup and view all the answers
Direct microscopy provides better resolution than fluorescent microscopy.
Direct microscopy provides better resolution than fluorescent microscopy.
Signup and view all the answers
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends fluorescent microscopy for diagnosing rabies.
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends fluorescent microscopy for diagnosing rabies.
Signup and view all the answers
Isolation of virus means viruses need cells from other organisms to infect and replicate.
Isolation of virus means viruses need cells from other organisms to infect and replicate.
Signup and view all the answers
Metagenomic sequencing is used when the target virus is known.
Metagenomic sequencing is used when the target virus is known.
Signup and view all the answers
Rabies lyssavirus has a very limited host range.
Rabies lyssavirus has a very limited host range.
Signup and view all the answers
The incubation period for rabies is 2 weeks to 3 months.
The incubation period for rabies is 2 weeks to 3 months.
Signup and view all the answers
Postmortem diagnosis is not possible in patients infected via organ transplant.
Postmortem diagnosis is not possible in patients infected via organ transplant.
Signup and view all the answers
Direct immunofluorescence is used to detect viral antigen in fox brain.
Direct immunofluorescence is used to detect viral antigen in fox brain.
Signup and view all the answers
The primary purpose of surveillance in clinical virology is monitoring unusual patterns and circulating sub-types of viruses.
The primary purpose of surveillance in clinical virology is monitoring unusual patterns and circulating sub-types of viruses.
Signup and view all the answers
Over 90% of all human viruses known today were already known at the end of World War II.
Over 90% of all human viruses known today were already known at the end of World War II.
Signup and view all the answers
Plaque Assay is a rapid technique suitable for all viruses.
Plaque Assay is a rapid technique suitable for all viruses.
Signup and view all the answers
The type of sample for clinical virology largely depends on the age and gender of the patient.
The type of sample for clinical virology largely depends on the age and gender of the patient.
Signup and view all the answers
The scanning transmission electron microscope has a resolution of 50 pm, which is significantly higher than most light microscopes.
The scanning transmission electron microscope has a resolution of 50 pm, which is significantly higher than most light microscopes.
Signup and view all the answers
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a method that is impractical for large scale testing due to its low sensitivity.
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a method that is impractical for large scale testing due to its low sensitivity.
Signup and view all the answers
Serology, the study of serum and other body fluids, has completely replaced PCR in many instances for virus detection.
Serology, the study of serum and other body fluids, has completely replaced PCR in many instances for virus detection.
Signup and view all the answers
The fluorescent signal for each fluorophore in multiplex qPCR is not measured in the detection of different viral nucleic acids.
The fluorescent signal for each fluorophore in multiplex qPCR is not measured in the detection of different viral nucleic acids.
Signup and view all the answers
Cycle Threshold (Ct) refers to the number of cycles of PCR needed until the sample is undetectable.
Cycle Threshold (Ct) refers to the number of cycles of PCR needed until the sample is undetectable.
Signup and view all the answers
Lateral flow tests are more sensitive than ELISA for virus detection.
Lateral flow tests are more sensitive than ELISA for virus detection.
Signup and view all the answers
Haemagglutination assay involves the binding of sialic acid receptors on RBCs to the HA protein on the surface of influenza for virus detection.
Haemagglutination assay involves the binding of sialic acid receptors on RBCs to the HA protein on the surface of influenza for virus detection.
Signup and view all the answers
A good diagnostic test needs to be accurate, but precision is not necessary.
A good diagnostic test needs to be accurate, but precision is not necessary.
Signup and view all the answers
Immunochromatography lateral flow tests can incorporate a positive and negative control.
Immunochromatography lateral flow tests can incorporate a positive and negative control.
Signup and view all the answers
Agglutination is a serology method used for detection of viral antigens by causing antigens to clump together.
Agglutination is a serology method used for detection of viral antigens by causing antigens to clump together.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
- Dr. Carlos Maluquer de Motes is a Reader in Molecular Virology, teaches Clinical Virology & Diagnostics in BMS2037.
- Importance of clinical virology: aids in patient management, public health measures, and surveillance.
- Clinical virology identifies new viruses and virus-disease associations, e.g., SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19.
- Clinical virology relies on good sampling, often determined by symptoms and organ systems involved.
- Methods include: isolation of virus, cultivation, direct and indirect detection, serology, and microscopy.
- Isolation of viruses: viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, require cells from other organisms to infect and replicate.
- Viruses can be titrated using plaque assay, a key technique in virology.
- Microscopy methods include light, fluorescent, and electron microscopy, each with unique advantages.
- Diagnostic tools for specific viruses, like rabies, involve microscopy, PCR assay, and Negri bodies.
- Electron microscopy is highly resolution and used for examining the structure of virions.
- PCR is a quick and sensitive method for detecting viral nucleic acids; qPCR can be quantitative and multiplexed.
- Cycle Threshold (Ct) is a measure of viral nucleic acid presence in a sample.
- Controversy around COVID-19 PCR testing: the CDC encourages adoption of multiplexed methods for detection and differentiation.
- Clinical virology employs various techniques like ELISA, agglutination, precipitation, and complement fixation.
- Serology methods detect viral antigens in a patient's serum using tests like ELISA.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Prepare for BMS2037: Clinical Virology & Diagnostics with this quiz covering virology lectures, virus structure and classification, clinical virology and diagnostics, infectious cycle of virus replication mechanisms, and more.
