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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of an enzyme?
What is the definition of an enzyme?
- A substance that has no effect on the rate of a chemical reaction
- A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction and gets changed in the process
- A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being itself changed in the process (correct)
- A substance that decreases the rate of a chemical reaction and remains unchanged
What is the suffix added to the substrate of the reaction to name an enzyme?
What is the suffix added to the substrate of the reaction to name an enzyme?
- -ase (correct)
- -ite
- -ine
- -ose
What are the general properties of enzymes?
What are the general properties of enzymes?
- Enzymes are needed in large amounts
- All enzymes are carbohydrates
- All enzymes are proteins (except some catalytic RNA) (correct)
- Enzymes are not needed in biological cells
What is the role of enzymes in biological cells?
What is the role of enzymes in biological cells?
How do enzymes affect the rate of a chemical reaction?
How do enzymes affect the rate of a chemical reaction?
What is the enzyme nomenclature based on?
What is the enzyme nomenclature based on?
What is the role of a coenzyme in enzymatic reactions?
What is the role of a coenzyme in enzymatic reactions?
Which class of enzymes catalyzes the transfer of a chemical group other than hydrogen or oxygen from one substance to another?
Which class of enzymes catalyzes the transfer of a chemical group other than hydrogen or oxygen from one substance to another?
What is the role of Hydrolases?
What is the role of Hydrolases?
What do oxidoreductases mainly catalyze?
What do oxidoreductases mainly catalyze?
Which major class of enzymes catalyzes the joining of two substrates using ATP as an energy source?
Which major class of enzymes catalyzes the joining of two substrates using ATP as an energy source?
What is the transition state in a chemical reaction?
What is the transition state in a chemical reaction?
How does an enzyme accelerate the rate of a reaction?
How does an enzyme accelerate the rate of a reaction?
What is the active site in an enzyme?
What is the active site in an enzyme?
What is the characteristic feature of an enzyme's activity on a specific substrate?
What is the characteristic feature of an enzyme's activity on a specific substrate?
What is the role of apoenzyme in enzymatic reactions?
What is the role of apoenzyme in enzymatic reactions?
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Study Notes
- Enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the rate of chemical reactions in biological cells without being changed themselves.
- They are proteins (except for some catalytic RNA) and are highly specific, acting on specific substrates.
- Enzymes do not undergo chemical change during a reaction and may require cofactors, which can be coenzymes or metal ions.
- Holoenzyme is the complex of apoenzyme (protein) and cofactor, while cofactors can be tightly or loosely bound.
- Enzymes can be classified into six major categories based on the type of reaction they catalyze: oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, isomerases, lyases, and ligases.
- Oxidoreductases catalyze the transfer of electrons or hydrogen atoms, while transferases catalyze the transfer of a chemical group other than hydrogen or oxygen.
- Hydrolases catalyze the hydrolysis of a substrate, while isomerases catalyze geometric or structural changes within a molecule.
- Lyases catalyze simple splitting of the substrate without adding water, and ligases catalyze the joining of two substrates using ATP as an energy source.
- Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction, allowing it to proceed rapidly by providing an alternate reaction pathway.
- The active site is a special pocket or cleft within an enzyme where the substrate binds and the reaction takes place.
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