10 Questions
What is the primary function of the triacylglycerol cycle?
To re-synthesize triacylglycerols
Which of the following lipoproteins is responsible for transporting cholesterol from the liver to tissues?
VLDL
What is the composition of lipoproteins?
Protein, phospholipids, and cholesterol
What is the primary function of LDL?
To deliver cholesterol to tissues
What is the precursor molecule for cholesterol synthesis?
Acetyl-CoA
Which of the following lipoproteins is responsible for transporting cholesterol from the intestines to the liver?
Chylomicrons
What is the primary function of HDL?
To remove cholesterol from peripheral tissues
What is the composition of triacylglycerols?
Fatty acids and glycerol
What is the primary function of the triacylglycerol cycle in relation to cholesterol synthesis?
To regulate cholesterol synthesis
Which of the following is a characteristic of lipoproteins?
They are involved in the transportation of cholesterol in the blood
Study Notes
Fatty Acid Synthesis
- Fatty acid synthesis begins with the formation of malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA, CO2, and ATP
- The process is catalyzed by the fatty acid synthase enzyme and occurs in the cytosol
- Elongation of fatty acid chain involves condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction reactions
- The overall synthesis of palmitate (16C fatty acid) requires 7 acetyl-CoA, 7 CO2, 7 ATP, and 14 NADPH
- The process involves the transfer of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA, and the reduction of β-keto group using NADPH
- Sources of NADPH include malic enzyme and the pentose phosphate pathway
- Fatty acid synthesis is regulated and distinct from fatty acid breakdown, requiring acetyl-CoA, NADPH, and malonyl-CoA as key precursors
Triacylglycerol Synthesis
- Triacylglycerol synthesis involves the formation of triacylglycerol from fatty acids and glycerol
- Synthesis and degradation of triacylglycerol are tightly regulated
- The triacylglycerol cycle helps to re-synthesize triacylglycerols
Cholesterol Synthesis
- Cholesterol synthesis involves the synthesis of cholesterol from acetyl-CoA
- Cholesterol is transported in the blood as lipoproteins
- Chylomicrons transport cholesterol and triacylglycerol from the intestines to the liver
- VLDL transports cholesterol and triacylglycerol from the liver to tissues
- LDL delivers cholesterol to tissues
- HDL removes cholesterol from peripheral tissues
Understand the significance of lipogenesis and compare lipid oxidation with reductive biosynthesis in this topic on lipid synthesis, triglycerides, and cholesterol.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
