Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does EEG stand for?
What does EEG stand for?
Electroencephalogram
EEG is a picture/record of electrical signals in the brain.
EEG is a picture/record of electrical signals in the brain.
True
Which of the following is NOT a brain rhythm or frequency band?
Which of the following is NOT a brain rhythm or frequency band?
What are the main EEG artifacts in simultaneous EEG-fMRI?
What are the main EEG artifacts in simultaneous EEG-fMRI?
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What is the frequency range of gamma brain waves?
What is the frequency range of gamma brain waves?
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What is the frequency range of EEG ripples?
What is the frequency range of EEG ripples?
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Events related potentials (ERPs) are evoked by stimuli and measured at the scalp with EEG.
Events related potentials (ERPs) are evoked by stimuli and measured at the scalp with EEG.
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What is the name of the positive going ERP component at 300 ms?
What is the name of the positive going ERP component at 300 ms?
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The amplitude of the P300 decreases as the demand for cognitive resources increases.
The amplitude of the P300 decreases as the demand for cognitive resources increases.
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What is the name of the disorder where the P300 latency is prolonged and the amplitude is reduced?
What is the name of the disorder where the P300 latency is prolonged and the amplitude is reduced?
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The P300 amplitude is reduced in both chronic bipolar patients and schizophrenia patients.
The P300 amplitude is reduced in both chronic bipolar patients and schizophrenia patients.
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A single dose of caffeine can lead to a smaller P300 amplitude and a shorter latency.
A single dose of caffeine can lead to a smaller P300 amplitude and a shorter latency.
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Emotions can have a significant impact on our physiological responses, including our heart rate and respiratory rate.
Emotions can have a significant impact on our physiological responses, including our heart rate and respiratory rate.
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Which of the following brain structures is NOT involved in dealing with stress and fear?
Which of the following brain structures is NOT involved in dealing with stress and fear?
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Recalling happy events activates various areas of the brain including the anterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, and insula.
Recalling happy events activates various areas of the brain including the anterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, and insula.
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Real-time fMRI (rtfMRI) allows investigation of human brain neuroplastic changes.
Real-time fMRI (rtfMRI) allows investigation of human brain neuroplastic changes.
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What is the name of the brain region that plays major roles in emotional processing?
What is the name of the brain region that plays major roles in emotional processing?
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Subjects in neurofeedback training can self-regulate their amygdala activity.
Subjects in neurofeedback training can self-regulate their amygdala activity.
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Neurofeedback is a type of biofeedback that teaches self-regulation of brain activity.
Neurofeedback is a type of biofeedback that teaches self-regulation of brain activity.
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A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) allows users to control devices using thought.
A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) allows users to control devices using thought.
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What is the main technological difference between neurofeedback and a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)?
What is the main technological difference between neurofeedback and a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)?
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What is the term for the operant conditioning technique designed to learn how to control one's brain activity to improve cognitive performance, regulate stress levels, emotional functioning, and behavior?
What is the term for the operant conditioning technique designed to learn how to control one's brain activity to improve cognitive performance, regulate stress levels, emotional functioning, and behavior?
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Neurofeedback can be used to improve working memory in individuals with schizophrenia.
Neurofeedback can be used to improve working memory in individuals with schizophrenia.
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Higher treatment doses of neurofeedback generally result in greater cognitive gains.
Higher treatment doses of neurofeedback generally result in greater cognitive gains.
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Participants in neurofeedback training often experience boredom and burnout with longer protocols.
Participants in neurofeedback training often experience boredom and burnout with longer protocols.
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Delivering the same treatment dose of neurofeedback over a shorter period, such as 12 hours over 6 weeks, could potentially improve efficacy.
Delivering the same treatment dose of neurofeedback over a shorter period, such as 12 hours over 6 weeks, could potentially improve efficacy.
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Study Notes
BM402: Engineering in Medicine - Pop Quiz
- Date: October 31, 2024
- Time: 1:10 PM - 1:40 PM
- Location: M 2170 - South Campus
- Format: Pop quiz
- Duration: Approximately 30 minutes
- Break: 15 minutes
Topics for Pop Quiz
- MRI
- Functional MRI
- Applications of MRI and fMRI
- EEG
- Challenges of EEG-fMRI
- Literature
- EEG basics
- Electrical
- EEG cap
- Amplifier
- Processing
EEG Basics
- Electro-encephalo-gram (EEG): Measurement of electrical patterns on the scalp reflecting cortical activity.
- Brainwaves: Electrical activity patterns in the brain.
- Frequency Bands: EEG signals are categorized based on their frequency, impacting mental states.
EEG - Brain Rhythms & Frequency Bands
- Gamma (γ): >35 Hz, associated with problem-solving and concentration.
- Beta (β): 12-35 Hz, associated with busy, active mind, anxiety, external attention.
- Alpha (α): 8-12 Hz, associated with reflective, restful states, relaxed, passive attention
- Theta (θ): 4-8 Hz, associated with drowsiness, deeply relaxed, inward focused.
- Delta (δ): 0.5-4 Hz, associated with sleep, dreaming
Simultaneous EEG-fMRI:
- Compatibility Requirements: Maintaining image quality, mitigating artifacts (magnetic field effects, radiofrequency emissions), and preventing ferrous materials.
Simultaneous EEG-fMRI: Main Artifacts
- Gradient and Cardioballistic Artifacts: These artifacts are corrected to improve data quality.
Event-Related Potentials (ERPs)
- Definition: Neural responses associated with sensory, cognitive, or motor events.
- Recording: Averaging voltage changes after stimulus onset across multiple trials.
- Components: (e.g., P300), represent cognitive processing.
- Significance of P300: Amplitude correlates with cognitive resources demanded and stimulus relevance.
Event-related potential changes in psychiatric disorders - P300
- Schizophrenia and Chronic Bipolar Patients: Both show latency prolongation and amplitude reduction in auditory P300 responses.
Caffeine effect on P300
- Acute effect: A single dose of caffeine slightly decreases P300 amplitude and latency.
High-Frequency EEG
- EEG Ripples: 80-200 Hz oscillations related to brain processes.
- High-Frequency EEG Activity Application: Not explicitly stated in the provided documents.
Physiology, Emotions, and Brain
- Emotional impact: Emotions affect physiological responses (e.g., heart rate, breathing).
- Fear, Anger, and Anxiety: Release adrenaline, leading to increased heart rate and rapid breathing.
- Happiness: Associated with endorphin release, slower heart rate, and shallower breathing.
Happiness and fMRI
- Happy Memories Condition: Participants recall and experience happy memories to visualize and elevate brain activity.
Activation Network
- Brain Activity: Happy memories activate brain regions including the anterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, and insula.
Neurofeedback (NFB)
- Mechanism: Operant conditioning of brain activity, to enhance cognitive functions or manage conditions.
- Tools: Using EEG and signal processing, the system provides real-time feedback to monitor and enhance mental state.
Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)
- Mechanism: Enables direct communication between the brain and external devices using thought.
- Relationship to Neurofeedback: Neurofeedback can be viewed as a specific application of BCI, but has a primary focus on self-regulation.
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Description
Prepare for the BM402 pop quiz covering critical topics in Engineering in Medicine, including MRI, fMRI, and EEG basics. This quiz will test your understanding of brain activities and their measurement techniques. Get ready to demonstrate your knowledge!
