BM402: Engineering in Medicine Pop Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is primarily measured by EEG?

  • Neurotransmitter levels in synapses
  • Electrical activity at the scalp (correct)
  • Blood flow in brain regions
  • Magnetic fields in the brain

    • Which of the following components is crucial for making simultaneous EEG-fMRI recordings compatible?

  • Current-limiting resistors (correct)
  • High-frequency amplifiers
  • Magnetic resonance imaging coils
  • Ferrous electrode materials

    • What does alpha rhythm signify in EEG readings?

  • Intense memory processing
  • Cortical inactivity possibly generated by the thalamus (correct)
  • Brain engagement in problem-solving
  • Cortical activity during high alertness

    • Which scenario would most likely contribute to artifacts in EEG-fMRI data collection?

    <p>Static and time-varying magnetic fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines an event-related potential (ERP)?

    <p>The neural response correlated to a specific event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an EEG frequency band?

    <p>Gamma Ray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of averaging EEG data for event-related potentials?

    <p>To filter out background noise and low-quality trials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may the correction of gradient and cardioballistic artifacts ensure in simultaneous EEG-fMRI?

    <p>Improved data quality for analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the P300 component primarily reflect in cognitive processing?

    <p>Classifying and updating memory representations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological response is commonly triggered by feelings of fear and anxiety?

    <p>Release of adrenaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key finding regarding the P300 component in the context of psychiatric disorders?

    <p>Amplitude reduction in chronic bipolar patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What brain areas are activated during the recall of happy events according to fMRI studies?

    <p>Anterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, and insula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What frequency range defines EEG ripples?

    <p>80–200 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes real-time fMRI (rtfMRI) from traditional fMRI?

    <p>It enables immediate viewing and regulation of brain signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the P300 amplitude change with the demand for cognitive resources?

    <p>It increases as cognitive resource demand increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological response is associated with happiness?

    <p>Release of endorphins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of neurofeedback training?

    <p>To teach self-regulation of brain activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a focus area of neurofeedback?

    <p>Controlling external devices through thought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) primarily differ from neurofeedback?

    <p>BCI translates brain signals into commands for devices, whereas neurofeedback does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tools are commonly used in both neurofeedback and BCIs?

    <p>Electroencephalography (EEG) and signal processing techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of feedback does neurofeedback provide during training?

    <p>Feedback about real-time brain activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of brain activity does neurofeedback aim to enhance?

    <p>Self-regulation of mental states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In neurofeedback, how is brain activity typically monitored during training?

    <p>Via fMRI to identify involved brain regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic that distinguishes neurofeedback from traditional biofeedback?

    <p>Neurofeedback is specifically aimed at regulating brain activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Neurofeedback (NFB)?

    <p>To improve cognitive performance and regulate emotional functioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain network is primarily associated with the regulation of emotions during the Happy Memories condition?

    <p>Fronto-temporo-limbic network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of fMRI neurofeedback, what action were participants instructed to take during the Happy Memories condition?

    <p>Evoking happy autobiographical memories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Neurofeedback (NFB) and Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technologies relate?

    <p>NFB is an advanced form of BCI with a different application focus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significance did the activation contrast reveal in the Happy>Count analysis?

    <p>Significant BOLD signal changes in the fronto-temporo-limbic network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the visual display used to guide participants during the neurofeedback session?

    <p>A word indicating the condition, two color bars, and a numerical target.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the parietal network play during the Count>Happy contrast?

    <p>Engaging in spatial awareness and numerical cognition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the intent of Neurofeedback compared to BCI?

    <p>Neurofeedback focuses on emotional regulation while BCI focuses on communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain region is NOT part of the fronto-temporo-limbic network involved in emotional processing?

    <p>Parietal Cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of EEG frequency band was monitored to measure gamma power during the working memory task?

    <p>30–50 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychiatric disorder has been linked to dysregulation of the fronto-temporo-limbic network?

    <p>Depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of EEG neurofeedback, what activity was associated with increased gamma power?

    <p>Playing video games with visual metaphors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential issue might participants face with longer neurofeedback treatment protocols?

    <p>Burnout and lack of motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the 'Happy' versus 'Count' contrast in activation analysis, which network showed significant BOLD signal changes?

    <p>Fronto-temporo-limbic network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of the time window for EEG recordings relative to stimulus presentation during the working memory task?

    <p>-0.25 to 1.75 s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of EEG-NFB delivery was questioned regarding its efficacy?

    <p>Increasing the treatment doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    BM402: Engineering in Medicine - Pop Quiz

    • Date: October 31, 2024
    • Time: 1:10 PM - 1:40 PM
    • Location: M 2170, South Campus
    • Format: Pop quiz
    • Duration: Approximately 30 minutes
    • Break: 15 minutes

    Topics for Study

    • MRI
      • Functional MRI
      • Applications of MRI and fMRI
    • EEG
      • EEG Basics
      • Electrical
      • EEG cap
      • Amplifier
      • Processing
      • Brainwaves (e.g., Delta, Theta, Alpha, Beta, Gamma)
      • Associated rhythms and frequency bands
    • Challenges of EEG-fMRI
    • Literature
    • Event-related potentials (ERPs)
      • What is an ERP?
      • How to record ERPs?
      • Later ERP waves
        • use in indexing endogenous cognitive activity
        • example: P300 in cognitive processes
    • Event-related potential changes in psychiatric disorders (P300)
      • Latency prolongation and amplitude reduction in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
    • Caffeine effect on P300
      • Acute effect of caffeine on repeatedly measured P300
      • Key word: Caffeine, event-related brain potential (ERP), repeated measurement, P300, oddball
      • findings on amplitude and latency for placebo/caffeine condition
    • High Frequency EEG
      • EEG ripples (80 - 200 Hz) and their association with cognitive activity.
    • Physiology, emotions and brain
      • Effects of emotions on heart rate and respiratory rate
      • Examples: Fear (adrenaline release, increased HR), happiness (endorphin release, decreased HR)
    • Happiness and fMRI
      • fMRI studies on recalling happiness
      • Brain areas associated with happiness (e.g., anterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, insula)
    • Simultaneous EEG-fMRI
      • Artifacts (gradient and cardioballistic) in simultaneous EEG-fMRI
      • Technological challenges in creating compatibility
      • Key areas analyzed: electrode cap, connector box, current-limiting resistors, battery power pack, 32 channel EEG amplifier/digitizer
    • fMRI-Neurofeedback
      • Real-time fMRI (rtfMRI) processing
      • Providing real-time feedback to regulate brain activity

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    BM402: Engineering In Medicine Pop Quiz PDF

    Description

    Prepare for the BM402 pop quiz covering essential topics in medical engineering. This quiz will include questions on MRI, EEG, event-related potentials, and their applications in neuroscience and psychology. Stay sharp as you review challenges, wave patterns, and the impact of caffeine on cognitive performance.

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