Bluetooth Wireless Communication Protocol
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Bluetooth Wireless Communication Protocol

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Questions and Answers

What external parameters can indirectly influence health parameters?

  • Medical history and medications
  • Location and weather conditions
  • Age, height, weight, and sex (correct)
  • Diet and exercise habits
  • What issue arises from using traditional crisp set theory in healthcare assessments?

  • It lacks clarity in defining health parameter levels (correct)
  • It requires complex computations
  • It is not applicable to digital systems
  • It can overestimate health risks
  • Which methods are suggested to optimize energy consumption in healthcare sensors?

  • Decision tree analysis
  • Linear regression and logistic regression
  • Fuzzy inference system (FIS) and markov decision process (MDP) (correct)
  • Game theory and neural networks
  • What is a significant challenge in designing healthcare systems using wireless sensor networks (WSNs)?

    <p>Optimizing the energy consumption of each physiological sensor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consequence can result from excluding important external parameters in health assessments?

    <p>Inefficient decision making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary roles of the L2CAP in Bluetooth technology?

    <p>It multiplexes multiple logical connections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol is responsible for providing a simple reliable data stream similar to TCP?

    <p>RFCOMM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature does the Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) provide?

    <p>Discovery of available services and features.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol is layered over the Baseband Protocol in Bluetooth?

    <p>L2CAP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many simultaneous connections does RFCOMM support between two Bluetooth devices?

    <p>60</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What capability does the L2CAP provide to upper layer protocols?

    <p>Connection-oriented and connectionless data services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a service provided by EL?

    <p>Protocol multiplexing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What model does the Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) use for its operations?

    <p>Request/response model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of deploying a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)?

    <p>To acquire information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Information Theoretic Self-Management (INTSEM) primarily control in a network node?

    <p>The transmission rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the benefits of using INTSEM in a Wireless Sensor Network?

    <p>It reduces both transmission and receiving energy consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue does 'Social Sensing' aim to address in the context of WSNs?

    <p>Ineffective sensing for rare events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the proposed solution for monitoring rare events often involve?

    <p>Duty-cycle management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a limitation of duty cycle management in WSNs?

    <p>It does not distinguish between rare and regular events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a specific challenge noted for submarine monitoring using WSNs?

    <p>Ineffective wakeup during rare event scenarios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protocols was mentioned as having limitations in distinguishing rare events?

    <p>SMAC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of connection can devices in a Piconet have?

    <p>Master-to-slave or slave-to-master connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a Piconet, when can slaves transmit data?

    <p>Once polled by the master</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about device roles in multiple Piconets is true?

    <p>A device cannot be a master in more than one Piconet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major characteristic of a Scatternet?

    <p>It is formed from multiple connected Piconets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which application does NOT typically use Bluetooth technology?

    <p>RFID tracking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Z-Wave protocol?

    <p>Communication among home automation devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What operating frequency does Z-Wave use in the US?

    <p>908.42 MHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many nodes can a Z-Wave network support?

    <p>232 nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the number of sensor nodes required in an application?

    <p>The type of application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a constraint on sensor nodes?

    <p>Must consume extremely low power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common application for sensor nodes?

    <p>Temperature measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology do most sensor nodes operate with?

    <p>TinyOS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the deployment of sensor nodes?

    <p>They can operate unattended in dense environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT a characteristic of sensor nodes?

    <p>They are typically large.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is described as dealing with multiple sources and multiple objects?

    <p>Multiple Source Multiple Object Detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge is often encountered in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)?

    <p>Scalability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a single source detect multiple objects?

    <p>By performing sequential detection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a needed adaptation for sensor nodes in diverse environments?

    <p>Adaptive traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transmission feature is highlighted for sensor nodes?

    <p>Short transmission ranges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the major features that sensor nodes must have?

    <p>High adaptability to environmental changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a low production cost essential for sensor nodes?

    <p>Facilitates mass deployment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sensor node is designed specifically for measuring soil conditions?

    <p>Soil sensor node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bluetooth: A Key Wireless Communication Protocol

    • Bluetooth is a wireless communication protocol that utilizes radio waves to transmit data
    • It is designed for short-range connections between devices.
    • It is comprised of three main layers: Baseband, Link Manager Protocol (LMP), Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP).
    • Baseband uses frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) to avoid interference and provide reliable communication.
    • The LMP manages physical channels and links, handling error correction, data whitening, hop selection, and Bluetooth security
    • It also manages asynchronous and synchronous links, handling packets, paging, and inquiry.
    • L2CAP provides connection-oriented and connectionless data services to upper-layer protocols.
    • It provides multiplexing capability, segmentation and reassembly operations and group abstractions.
    • Radio Frequency Communications (RFCOMM) is a cable replacement protocol used for generating a virtual serial data stream.
    • RFCOMM provides binary data transport and emulates EIA-232 control signals.
    • This essentially creates a serial port emulation over the Bluetooth baseband layer
    • RFCOMM provides a simple and reliable data stream to the user, similar to TCP.
    • It supports up to 60 simultaneous connections between two Bluetooth devices.
    • The Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) enables applications to discover available services and their features.
    • It is designed to address the dynamic changes in service quality, especially in proximity of devices in motion.
    • It operates over a reliable packet transfer protocol and uses a request/response model.
    • All connections are either master-to-slave or slave-to-master.
    • Slaves are allowed to transmit only after being polled by the master
    • Transmission starts in the slave-to-master time slot immediately following a polling packet
    • A device can be a member of two or more Piconets, it can be a slave in one Piconet and a master in another.
    • However, a device cannot be a master in more than one Piconet at a time.
    • Devices in adjacent Piconets provide a bridge to support inner-Piconet connections, allowing assemblies of linked Piconets to form a physically extensible communication infrastructure known as Scatternet.

    Z-Wave: A Protocol for Home Automation

    • Z-Wave (or Z wave or Z‐wave) is a protocol for communication among devices used for home automation.
    • It utilizes RF for signaling and control.
    • Operating frequency is 908.42 MHz in the US & 868.42 MHz in Europe.
    • The mesh network topology is the main mode of operation.
    • It can support up to 232 nodes in a network.

    Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)

    • WSNs are a network of spatially distributed sensors that monitor physical or environmental conditions and wirelessly transmit the data collected.
    • Sensor nodes in WSNs are small, battery-powered devices with limited processing power and memory.
    • They typically operate in an unattended manner in a highly dense area.
    • They are autonomous, adaptive to the environment, and have low production cost.
    • Sensor nodes can be used for various applications like temperature measurement, humidity level, lighting condition, air pressure, soil makeup, noise level, and vibration.
    • WSNs face several challenges like scalability, coverage, energy efficiency, security, and reliability.
    • Information theoretic self-management (INTSEM) is a technique for controlling the transmission rate of a node by adjusting its sleep time.
    • INTSEM aims to reduce the consumption of transmission energy of transmitters and receiving energy of relay nodes.
    • Social sensing is an approach that leverages user interactions and social context to enhance WSNs.
    • Social sensing can be used to optimize duty cycles and improve energy efficiency in WSNs.

    WSNs in the Context of Healthcare

    • WSNs can be integrated with health-related applications, including wearable sensors for patient monitoring.
    • Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are commonly used in healthcare to collect physiological data.
    • WBANs face challenges in data privacy, security, and energy efficiency.
    • Dynamic decision-making models using fuzzy inference systems (FIS) and Markov decision processes (MDP) can be employed to optimize energy consumption of WBANs.
    • External factors like age, height, weight, and sex affect health parameters and should be considered during analysis.

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    Related Documents

    Week-3.pdf

    Description

    Explore the essentials of Bluetooth, a key wireless communication protocol that utilizes radio waves for short-range data transmission. Learn about its main components including Baseband, LMP, and L2CAP, and how it ensures reliable connections and security. Test your understanding of Bluetooth functionalities and architecture.

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