Bloodborne Pathogens Test 1 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What does OSHA stand for?

  • Operational Safety and Health Agency
  • Occupational Standard and Health Association
  • Occupational Safety and Health Administration (correct)
  • Office of Safety and Health Administration

    • Bloodborne pathogens include?

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (correct)
  • Hepatitis C (correct)
  • Hepatitis A
  • Hepatitis B (correct)

    • Who is covered by the standard?

    Nurses, Doctors, MA's, Front office personnel, Housekeeping, and Patients

    What is the most common way people are exposed to bloodborne pathogens?

    <p>Needle sticks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term Universal Precautions mean?

    <p>Treat all human blood and certain body fluids as if they are infectious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of engineering control?

    <p>Sharps disposal container, self-sheathing needles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of work practice control?

    <p>Prohibiting recapping needles, Do not bend or break sharps, Washing hands, no food or smoking areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of PPE (Personal Protection Equipment)?

    <p>Gloves, Gown, Eye protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color of trash can hold biohazard trash?

    <p>Red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vaccine is required for healthcare workers to protect them?

    <p>Hepatitis B vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process you take when exposed to a bloodborne pathogen?

    <p>Wash exposed area with soap and water, Flush splashes to nose, mouth, or skin with water, Irrigate eyes with water or saline, Report the exposure, Direct the worker to a healthcare professional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do you need permission to test the blood from the person whose blood you were exposed to?

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe what kinds of things are included in an exposure plan?

    <p>Written plan reviewed annually, hard copy provided to all employees, must contain a waste management section, must contain hazardous material section</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a pathogen?

    <p>An organism that is present everywhere in the environment that causes disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main grouped pathogens?

    <p>Viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, rickettsiae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest of all pathogens?

    <p>Viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Varicella cause?

    <p>Chicken pox and shingles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Herpes 1 and 2 cause?

    <p>Oral and genital herpes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do HCV and HBV refer to?

    <p>Bloodborne viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does HAV refer to?

    <p>Hepatitis A virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common examples of vectors?

    <p>Ticks, mosquitoes, rodents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 4 classic signs of infection?

    <p>Red, swelling, pain, heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common nosocomial infection?

    <p>UTI from catheters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an acute infection?

    <p>Develops rapid, goes away rapid, usually severe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a chronic infection?

    <p>Develops slowly, goes away slowly, takes a long time to become severe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pathogen can become latent and 'hide' in the body to reemerge and cause disease?

    <p>Viruses, particularly the hepatitis, HIV, and herpes viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key elements in an exposure control plan?

    <p>Detail how an employer will use PPE, training, Hep B vaccine, recording of OCC injuries, post-exposure follow-up, labeling hazards, engineering controls, sharps injury log</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important thing you can do to decrease the spread of infection?

    <p>Wash hands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How full should you fill the sharps container?

    <p>Replace when 2/3 full</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is medical asepsis?

    <p>Protecting cross-contamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is surgical asepsis?

    <p>Sterile techniques because of skin puncture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is asepsis?

    <p>The absence of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is sanitation?

    <p>Cleaning that decreases microorganisms and cleans soil before sterilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is disinfection?

    <p>Cleansing that kills pathogenic organisms (not spores and certain viruses)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is sterilization?

    <p>Destruction of all microbial life and spores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does MSDS stand for?

    <p>Material Safety Data Sheet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information do you get from an MSDS sheet?

    <p>Infectious, hazardous ingredients, fire and explosion data, how to dispose, health hazard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the colors stand for on a NFPA label?

    <p>Red: flammable, Yellow: reactivity, Blue: health, White: specific hazards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does NFPA stand for?

    <p>National Fire Protection Association</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    OSHA and Bloodborne Pathogens

    • OSHA stands for Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
    • Bloodborne pathogens include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C.

    Coverage and Exposure

    • The standard covers nurses, doctors, medical assistants, front office personnel, housekeeping staff, and patients.
    • Needle sticks are the most common route of exposure to bloodborne pathogens.

    Universal Precautions

    • Universal Precautions involve treating all human blood and certain body fluids as if they are infectious.

    Safety Controls

    • Examples of engineering controls include sharps disposal containers and self-sheathing needles.
    • Work practice controls include prohibiting needle recapping, not bending or breaking sharps, hand washing, and designating no food or smoking areas.

    Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

    • Common PPE examples are gloves, gowns, and eye protection.
    • Biohazard waste is typically disposed of in red trash containers.

    Vaccination and Exposure Response

    • Hepatitis B vaccination is required for healthcare workers.
    • In case of exposure to bloodborne pathogens, wash the area, flush splashes, irrigate eyes, report the exposure, and direct the worker to a healthcare professional. Testing requires permission from the exposed person.

    Exposure Plans

    • Exposure plans must be written, reviewed annually, provided to all employees, and include sections on waste management and hazardous materials.

    Pathogens and Infection

    • Pathogens are organisms that can cause disease, including strict pathogens and our normal flora that can become pathogenic.
    • Main grouped pathogens: viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and rickettsiae.
    • Viruses are the smallest pathogens, and they include those that cause chicken pox, herpes, hepatitis, and the common cold.

    Reservoirs and Transmission

    • Reservoirs, such as soil, water, and humans, are where pathogens reside.
    • Specific reservoirs include:
      • Giardia: GI tract of beavers and wild animals.
      • Staphylococcus: Skin of humans.
      • E.coli: GI tract of humans and animals.
      • Salmonella: GI tract of chickens.
      • Hepatitis B and C: Blood and body fluids of infected humans.

    Infection Signs and Types

    • Classic signs of infection: redness, swelling, pain, heat.
    • Most common nosocomial infection is urinary tract infection (UTI) from catheters.
    • Acute infections develop rapidly and are severe; chronic infections develop slowly and persist over time.

    Infection Control Measures

    • Key elements of an exposure control plan include PPE, training, Hepatitis B vaccination, and recording of occupational injuries.
    • Hand hygiene is the most effective measure to prevent the spread of infection.
    • Sharps containers should be replaced when filled to 2/3 capacity.

    Asepsis and Sterilization

    • Medical asepsis protects against cross-contamination; examples include cleaning outside of containers and using gloves.
    • Surgical asepsis involves strict sterile techniques to prevent infection during procedures.
    • Sanitation reduces microorganisms, disinfection kills pathogens (not spores), and sterilization destroys all microbes and spores.

    Hazard Communication

    • MSDS stands for Material Safety Data Sheet, which provides information on hazardous ingredients, safe handling, and disposal methods.
    • The NFPA label uses colors to indicate risks: red for flammability, yellow for reactivity, blue for health, and white for specific hazards. NFPA stands for National Fire Protection Association.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on bloodborne pathogens with this flashcard set. Learn key terms such as OSHA and various pathogens like HIV and Hepatitis. Ideal for healthcare professionals and students preparing for regulatory compliance.

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