Questions and Answers
Plasma makes up approximately what percentage of whole blood?
55%
Except for __________, the following statements about blood are true.
the pH is slightly acidic
The formed elements of blood consist of what?
Plasma is closest in composition to what?
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The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the?
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Which of the following is a function of the blood?
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Which of the following statements about blood is false?
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Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?
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The combination of plasma and formed elements is called?
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Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from?
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When checking the efficiency of gas exchange, it may be necessary to draw a blood sample from?
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Consider these results from a blood lab test. Which value is most likely abnormal?
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Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a?
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The total volume of blood in the body of a 76-kg man is approximately how many liters?
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The most abundant component of plasma is?
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A person who has a low blood volume is said to be?
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The chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the?
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A typical adult hematocrit is?
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Which of these is not one of the formed elements of blood?
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Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume.
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A hematocrit provides information on?
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You are caring for an adult patient who weighs 48 kg. What would her approximate blood volume be?
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Serum can't coagulate because the __________ has been removed.
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Except for the amount of __________, plasma and interstitial fluid differ little in composition.
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The most abundant solute (by mass) in plasma is __________.
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Thyroid-binding globulin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?
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Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?
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Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones?
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Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?
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The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are?
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Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the?
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A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is?
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The formed elements are largely produced within the __________.
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Study Notes
Blood Composition
- Plasma comprises approximately 55% of whole blood.
- Formed elements include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, collectively making up about 45% of blood.
Blood Properties
- Blood is more viscous than water; its viscosity is three to five times greater.
- The normal pH of blood ranges from 7.35 to 7.45.
- Blood temperature is approximately 38 degrees Celsius and has a deep red color due to hemoglobin.
Blood Functions
- Blood functions include:
- Transporting gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide).
- Defending against toxins and pathogens.
- Transporting nutrients and wastes.
- Regulating body temperature.
Hematocrit and Blood Volume
- Hematocrit measures the percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood, typically around 45%.
- A 76-kg man has a total blood volume of approximately 5.3 liters, while an adult weighing 48 kg would have about 3.8 liters.
Blood Testing
- Whole blood for testing is usually collected from superficial veins.
- Arterial blood samples may be drawn to assess gas exchange efficiency.
- An abnormal hemoglobin level is indicated at 10.7 g/100 ml.
Plasma and Interstitial Fluid
- Plasma composition closely resembles interstitial fluid, differing mainly in protein concentration (plasma has higher protein levels).
- Water makes up about 92% of plasma volume, while proteins are the most abundant solute in plasma.
Plasma Proteins
- Major plasma proteins include:
- Albumins: transport fatty acids and hormones.
- Immunoglobulins: essential for body defense.
- Fibrinogen: crucial for blood coagulation.
- Thyroid-binding globulin: a hormone-binding protein.
- Transferrin: a metalloprotein that transports iron.
Production of Formed Elements
- Formed elements are largely produced in the red bone marrow.
- Antibodies are not considered formed elements of blood.
Serum and Coagulation
- Serum lacks the coagulating factor fibrinogen, which is essential for clotting processes.
Summary of Blood Characteristics
- Normal blood pH is maintained by buffers.
- Blood contains dissolved gases, proteins, and nutrients necessary for various body functions.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge on the composition and properties of blood with these flashcards from Unit Three. Review key facts such as the percentage of plasma in whole blood and the nature of blood viscosity. Perfect for students preparing for exams in biology or health science.
