Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of blood typing?
What does cross matching assess?
There is no need to determine blood types the first time a transfusion is given.
True
What are the eight major blood types in dogs?
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What does DEA stand for?
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What is the most common blood type in dogs?
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What can occur if positive blood is given to a negative dog previously sensitized through transfusion?
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A universal canine donor tests positive for DEA 1.1.
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What are some common reasons for blood transfusions?
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What are the risks associated with transfusing large amounts of RBCs?
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What is the maximum amount of blood a dog should donate?
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You can transfuse dogs multiple times without cross matching.
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What breed is considered the universal canine donor?
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What should donor cats be screened for before transfusions?
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What blood types exist in cats?
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What is the most common blood type among cats in North America?
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What types of cats are more likely to be Type B?
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Study Notes
Blood Typing vs. Cross Matching
- Blood typing identifies the antigen on red blood cells (RBCs).
- Cross matching checks for serum incompatibility between donor and recipient.
- Initial transfusions may not require blood type determination due to minimal antibody reaction until the second transfusion.
- Cross matches involve mixing recipient serum with donor RBCs to identify any existing antibodies.
Canine Blood Types
- Dogs possess 8 major blood types: DEA 1.1, DEA 1.2, DEA 3, DEA 4, DEA 5, DEA 6, DEA 7, and DEA 8.
- Dogs can be classified with multiple blood types, leading to at least 19 recognized combinations.
- The most common canine blood type is DEA 1.1, while the most antigenic types are DEA 1.1, 1.2, and 7.
Risks of Transfusion
- Administering positive blood types (DEA 1.1 or 1.2) to a previously sensitized negative dog can lead to a fatal acute hemolytic crisis.
- A universal canine donor tests positive only for DEA 4 and negative for DEA 1.1, 1.2, and 7.
Reasons for Blood Transfusion
- Anemia constitutes about 75% of indications for transfusion, while non-anemia issues account for 25%.
- Transfusions aim to replace blood components when an animal’s life is at risk, acting as a life-saving measure despite inherent dangers.
Transfusion Procedures and Complications
- Dogs typically donate 450 ml (approximately 16 oz) of blood, with a maximum of 10 to 20 ml/kg recommended.
- Factors determining transfusion amount include body weight, estimated blood volume, hematocrit, and compatibility between recipients and donors.
- Only one transfusion is permissible without cross matching; secondary transfusions pose significant risks due to faster and stronger antibody responses.
Canine Blood Donor Guidelines
- Universal donors are typically greyhounds, ideal candidates should be calm, healthy, and fasted to prevent lipemic samples.
- Canine donors can be any breed or sex, preferably spayed or neutered, aged between 1 to 8 years, and must undergo screening for various health issues.
Feline Blood Transfusions
- Blood transfusions are essential for anemic or critically ill cats; procedures must ensure proper blood banking practices.
- Transfusion reactions in cats can occur even with small volumes of incompatible blood, highlighting the importance of compatibility.
Feline Blood Types
- Cats have an A/B blood group system consisting of types A, B, and AB.
- Type A is the most prevalent, especially among domestic shorthairs (DSH) and domestic longhairs (DLH).
- Type B is found in a higher percentage among purebreds like Himalayans (20%) and Persians (24%), while less than 5% of DSH and DLH are type B.
- Type AB is extremely rare, particularly in DSH, making compatibility checks crucial in feline transfusions.
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Description
Test your understanding of blood typing and cross matching with these flashcards. Learn the differences between determining blood types and checking for serum incompatibility. Perfect for those studying hematology or preparing for clinical practice.
