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Questions and Answers
Which components of blood can be transfused?
What are the three mandatory unique patient identifiers that must be present on the request form before pretransfusion testing?
What is the correct procedure if a transfusion reaction is suspected?
Which statement about red blood cells is NOT correct?
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What blood test is used to determine the patient's ABO and RhD type and screen for antibodies?
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What should be done if a patient's details on a pretransfusion blood sample do not match the request form?
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Which of the following blood types are compatible for transfusion in a person with blood group B (rhesus negative)?
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What is a clinical indication for prescribing a blood transfusion?
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When should the transfusion of a prescribed blood product commence after it has been taken out of refrigeration?
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What is an acceptable action if a blood unit has been out of refrigeration for longer than the allowed time limit?
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Study Notes
Blood Transfusion Safety
- Blood Transfusion: Blood transfusion is a medical procedure that involves transferring blood or blood components from one person to another.
- Transfusion Reactions: Reactions can occur during or after a blood transfusion. Common types include allergic, febrile, and hemolytic.
- Blood Compatibility Testing: Essential to match donor blood with the recipient's blood type (ABO and RhD). This prevents harmful transfusion reactions.
- Patient Identification: Critical for safe blood administration. Use at least two unique identifiers (full name, date of birth, unique medical record number) to confirm the patient's identity before starting a transfusion.
- Blood Product Storage: Once removed from refrigeration, blood products should be transfused within 4 hours to maintain quality.
- Transfusion Monitoring: Monitor patients closely during the first 15 minutes and for at least the first hour of a transfusion. Observe for signs of transfusion reactions.
- Circulatory Overload: Overloading the circulatory system with blood products can cause complications. Monitor for signs like dyspnea, tachycardia, and distended neck veins.
- Blood Product Return: If a blood unit is unused, return it to the blood bank following the facility's procedures.
- Informed Consent: Obtain informed consent from the patient or their guardian before administering all blood products. Explain the risks and benefits to allow for a knowledgeable decision.
Blood Transfusion Procedures
- Transfusion Initiation: Start the transfusion slowly (50 ml/hour for the first 15 minutes) to monitor for initial reactions. Afterward, increase the rate as tolerated by the patient.
- Blood Sample Labeling: Do not alter the sample label. If there is a discrepancy between the patient details on the blood sample and the request form, a new, accurately labeled specimen is required.
- Blood Transfusion Order Verification: The nurse is responsible for verifying the blood product details and the blood transfusion order before starting the transfusion.
Blood Types and Compatibility
- Blood Type B-Negative: Can receive blood types B-negative and O-negative.
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Blood Transfusion Indications: Administer transfusions to:
- Increase circulating blood volume
- Enhance oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood
- Reduce bleeding risk
Managing Blood Transfusion Complications
- Transfusion Reaction Suspicion: If a transfusion reaction is suspected, stop the transfusion immediately, inform the medical staff, and follow the facility's protocol for managing transfusion reactions.
- Transfusion After Antibiotics: Administer antibiotics through a separate IV line. Avoid administering antibiotics directly into the blood transfusion tubing.
- Infusion Rate Adjustment: If the patient is receiving antibiotics, adjust the blood transfusion rate to facilitate the antibiotic administration.
- Expired Blood Products: Do not use blood products that have been out of refrigeration for longer than the allowed time. Dispose of them following proper protocols.
- Transfusion Monitoring: Monitor the patient's vital signs and for any signs of complications throughout the transfusion and afterward.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the critical aspects of blood transfusion safety, including types of transfusion reactions, compatibility testing, and patient identification protocols. This quiz covers essential procedures to ensure safe blood administration and monitoring techniques necessary for healthcare professionals.
