T2 L13: Motor learning and neurological syndromes

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Which structure is responsible for selecting muscle groups?

Upper motor neurons

Basal ganglia (correct)

Cerebellum

Thalamus

Which structure acts as a conductor and comparator in motor control?

Basal ganglia

Thalamus

Cerebellum (correct)

Upper motor neurons

Which structure is responsible for intentional movements?

Cortical motor control centres (correct)

Brainstem motor control centres

Motor interneurons

Central pattern generators

Which type of movement is generated by central pattern generators?

Stereotyped movements Signup and view all the answers

Which reflex is associated with a lesion in the lower motor neuron?

Areflexia Signup and view all the answers

Which descending pathway is responsible for directing head and eye movements?

Tectospinal tract Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the brain represents the motor homunculus?

Primary motor cortex Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for motor control?

Frontal lobe Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main structures involved in motor learning?

Cerebellum and basal ganglia Signup and view all the answers

Which descending pathways are responsible for voluntary motor control?

Corticospinal tracts Signup and view all the answers

Which descending pathways are responsible for involuntary motor control?

Vestibulospinal tracts Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating movement and balance?

Cerebellum Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating automatic movements?

Basal ganglia Signup and view all the answers

What are common signs of impairment in the motor control system?

Tremors and muscle rigidity Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies the medial part of the frontal lobes including the leg area of the motor cortex?

Anterior Cerebral artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the loss or impairment of the ability to make decisions or act independently?

Abulia Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the brain is responsible for somatosensory afferents?

Area 5 Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the brain is involved in planning and decision making?

Prefrontal cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inability to carry out purposeful movements in the absence of paralysis or paresis?

Apraxia Signup and view all the answers

What type of apraxia is characterized by difficulty in the sequencing and execution of movements?

Ideational apraxia Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe sustained muscle contractions, usually producing twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures or positions?

Dystonia Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain acts as a conductor and comparator in the hierarchial motor control system?

Cerebellum Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the basal ganglia in the motor control system?

Selector of muscle groups Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for the representation of the motor cortex?

Thalamus Signup and view all the answers

What are the actions associated with intentional movements?

Complex movements Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain plays a role in the learning of motor control?

Cerebellum Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the brainstem motor control centres?

Actions - intentional movements Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cortical motor control centres in the motor control system?

Representation of motor cortex Signup and view all the answers

What are the common signs of impairment in the motor control system?

Twitching of muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of central pattern generators in the motor control system?

Actions - intentional movements Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are activated when standing still?

Extensor muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are activated when walking?

Flexor muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which type of movement is considered a stereotypic movement?

Walking Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the central nervous system is intact?

Walking becomes automatic Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the face is bilaterally innervated by the facial nerve?

Upper part Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by weakness of the contralateral lower part of the face?

Stroke Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for sustained facial palsy affecting all the muscles on one side of the face?

Lower motor neurone Signup and view all the answers

What can activate the lower part of the face in someone with an upper mechanism facial nerve problem?

Cracking a joke Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway is responsible for sending tracks to the neck and upper limbs, but not the lower limbs?

Cortical spinal tract Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the red nucleus pathway?

Activating extensor muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible explanation for why someone with a chronic stroke may have their arm flexed up?

Damage to the cortical spinal tract Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between an extensive response and a flexion response in terms of prognosis?

An extensive response is worse than a flexion response Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the brain is responsible for neglect, where an individual can perceive but not attend?

Posterior cortex Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is characteristic of a Jacksonian seizure?

Spread of symptoms going down one arm Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the brain is involved in planning and decision making?

Prefrontal cortex Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the brain receives information that gives a sense of what's happening around you and can result in neglect when damaged?

Posterior cortex Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for receiving sensory input and providing feedback to activate muscles for movement?

Cerebellum Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of numbness and unsteadiness in the feet and legs, as described in the text?

Diabetes Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for controlling movements of the hand and face?

Motor cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for weakness in both legs due to a lesion in the brain?

Bilateral leg paresis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the supplementary motor area (SMA)?

To plan and sequence complex movements Signup and view all the answers

What happens in the brain when someone performs a mental rehearsal of a complex movement?

Only the supplementary motor area (SMA) is activated Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where a tremor stops or changes speed in response to specific tasks?

Entrainment Signup and view all the answers

What does the activation of the SMA before the motor cortex suggest about movements?

Movements have some degree of volitional control Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe a problem in the integration between the sensory and motor pathways?

Apraxia Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the time between the gun firing and an athlete's reaction is less than 0.1 seconds?

The athlete assumes the gun went off shortly before their reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the connection between the sensory and motor areas not fully understood?

How they all fully integrate Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe sustained muscle contractions that produce twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures?

Dystonia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the loss or impairment of the ability to make decisions or act independently?

Aphasia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the inability to carry out purposeful movements in the absence of paralysis or paresis?

Apraxia Signup and view all the answers

T2 L13: Motor learning and neurological syndromes

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Questions and Answers

Which structure is responsible for selecting muscle groups?

Which structure acts as a conductor and comparator in motor control?

Which structure is responsible for intentional movements?

Which type of movement is generated by central pattern generators?

Which reflex is associated with a lesion in the lower motor neuron?

Which descending pathway is responsible for directing head and eye movements?

Which area of the brain represents the motor homunculus?

Which part of the brain is responsible for motor control?

What are the two main structures involved in motor learning?

Which descending pathways are responsible for voluntary motor control?

Which descending pathways are responsible for involuntary motor control?

Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating movement and balance?

Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating automatic movements?

What are common signs of impairment in the motor control system?

Which artery supplies the medial part of the frontal lobes including the leg area of the motor cortex?

What is the term for the loss or impairment of the ability to make decisions or act independently?

Which area of the brain is responsible for somatosensory afferents?

Which area of the brain is involved in planning and decision making?

What is the term for the inability to carry out purposeful movements in the absence of paralysis or paresis?

What type of apraxia is characterized by difficulty in the sequencing and execution of movements?

What term is used to describe sustained muscle contractions, usually producing twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures or positions?

Which part of the brain acts as a conductor and comparator in the hierarchial motor control system?

What is the main function of the basal ganglia in the motor control system?

Which part of the brain is responsible for the representation of the motor cortex?

What are the actions associated with intentional movements?

Which part of the brain plays a role in the learning of motor control?

What is the main function of the brainstem motor control centres?

What is the role of the cortical motor control centres in the motor control system?

What are the common signs of impairment in the motor control system?

What is the function of central pattern generators in the motor control system?

Which muscles are activated when standing still?

Which muscles are activated when walking?

Which type of movement is considered a stereotypic movement?

What happens when the central nervous system is intact?

Which part of the face is bilaterally innervated by the facial nerve?

Which condition is characterized by weakness of the contralateral lower part of the face?

What is the term for sustained facial palsy affecting all the muscles on one side of the face?

What can activate the lower part of the face in someone with an upper mechanism facial nerve problem?

Which pathway is responsible for sending tracks to the neck and upper limbs, but not the lower limbs?

What is the main role of the red nucleus pathway?

What is one possible explanation for why someone with a chronic stroke may have their arm flexed up?

What is the difference between an extensive response and a flexion response in terms of prognosis?

Which area of the brain is responsible for neglect, where an individual can perceive but not attend?

What symptom is characteristic of a Jacksonian seizure?

Which area of the brain is involved in planning and decision making?

Which area of the brain receives information that gives a sense of what's happening around you and can result in neglect when damaged?

Which part of the brain is responsible for receiving sensory input and providing feedback to activate muscles for movement?

What is the main cause of numbness and unsteadiness in the feet and legs, as described in the text?

Which part of the brain is responsible for controlling movements of the hand and face?

What is the term for weakness in both legs due to a lesion in the brain?

What is the main function of the supplementary motor area (SMA)?

What happens in the brain when someone performs a mental rehearsal of a complex movement?

What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where a tremor stops or changes speed in response to specific tasks?

What does the activation of the SMA before the motor cortex suggest about movements?

Which term is used to describe a problem in the integration between the sensory and motor pathways?

What happens if the time between the gun firing and an athlete's reaction is less than 0.1 seconds?

What is the connection between the sensory and motor areas not fully understood?

What is the term used to describe sustained muscle contractions that produce twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures?

What is the term used to describe the loss or impairment of the ability to make decisions or act independently?

What is the term used to describe the inability to carry out purposeful movements in the absence of paralysis or paresis?

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