30 Questions
What is the main purpose of mitosis?
To produce genetically identical daughter cells
Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
Interphase
What occurs during interphase of the cell cycle?
DNA replication and preparation for cell division
In mitosis, what happens during prophase?
Nuclear membrane breaks down
Which term best describes a cell that has two full sets of chromosomes?
Diploid
What is the definition of replication?
Copying of DNA during interphase
Why can blood stem cells only produce blood cells?
They are multipotent and can only differentiate into some cells.
How could treatment with stem cells lead to cancer?
Uncontrolled division of stem cells can result in tumor formation.
Why might a patient's own immune system reject stem cell treatment?
The immune system does not recognize the foreign stem cells.
How does a sensory neurone adapt to its function?
By receiving stimuli and converting them into electrical impulses.
What is the nervous system primarily composed of?
The central nervous system, containing brain and spinal cord.
Define 'Impulse' in the context of the nervous system.
An electrical signal transmitted along a neuron.
What happens during anaphase of mitosis?
Chromosome copies are separated and moved to opposite ends of the cell
How much of the total cell cycle time in an onion cell is spent on mitosis?
30%
After one cell division by mitosis, how many cells are produced from one fertilized egg?
1 cell
What process causes the divided cells to become specialized?
Differentiation
How long, in minutes, does an onion cell spend in interphase during a cell division cycle?
42 minutes
Which process involves cells dividing by mitosis and NOT by meiosis?
Tissue repair
Why does Guillain-Barré syndrome lead to reduced movement of the legs?
Due to loss of the myelin sheath, causing incorrect transmission of electrical impulses to the muscles.
Why are there few synapses between a receptor and effector in a reflex arc?
To increase the speed of electrical impulse transmission with fewer neurotransmitters needed.
What is the function of relay neurons in a reflex arc?
Transmit electrical impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons.
What distinguishes motor neurons and relay neurons from sensory neurons?
Absence of dendrites at the end of the axon.
What is the purpose of having reflexes in the human body?
To enable rapid responses to stimuli for survival.
What are the main components of the nervous system that control movement?
Brain and spinal cord
What is the main responsibility of the cerebral cortex?
Responsible for senses and languages
Which part of the brain controls breathing and heart rate?
Medulla oblongata
What is the purpose of the blood vessels in the nerves?
Provide the oxygen and glucose for aerobic respiration in neurons
What distinguishes a nerve from a neuron?
Nerves are a collection of neurons, blood vessels, and fibers
Why might a surgeon benefit from having a larger cerebellum than usual?
To enhance motor control and fine motor skills
How does alcohol consumption affect a person's balance?
Reduces the ability of a neuron to transmit an impulse
Learn about blood stem cells and their ability to produce blood cells exclusively. Understand how treatment with stem cells can lead to cancer and how it may cause rejection by the patient's immune system.
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