Chpt. 19 — 2

Question 1

• A decreased plasma oncotic pressure is caused by a loss of plasma proteins, such as albumin.

Question 2

• If plasma oncotic pressure exceeds capillary pressure, more fluid moves into the capillary from the interstitium.

Question 3

• ADH exerts a vasopressor effect.

Question 4

• Loss of speech, paralysis, and possible death can be caused by rupture of a blood vessel in the brain.

Question 5

• The disappearance of Korotkoff sounds indicates that blood flow has been restored in the previously occluded blood vessel and is recorded as the diastolic reading.

Question 6

• Blood pressure is most related to systolic reading, diastolic reading, and Korotkoff sounds.

Question 7

• If the left ventricle fails, blood backs up in the pulmonary capillary, increasing capillary pressure and forcing fluid into the lungs.

Question 8

• While taking a blood pressure, the first Korotkoff sounds indicate the systolic reading.

Question 9

• Baroreceptors are not activated by hypoxemia.

Question 10

• White coat hypertension best reflects the observation of a patient's initial blood pressure decreasing from 155/95 mm Hg to 125/75 mm Hg after 10 minutes.

Question 11

• Plasma oncotic pressure is primarily caused by plasma proteins, especially albumin.

Question 12

• Consequence of sympathetic nerve stimulation include increased myocardial force of contraction, peripheral vasoconstriction, and increased systemic vascular resistance.

Question 13

• Capillaries are the exchange vessels with thin walls.

Question 14

• The sympathetic and parasympathetic arms of the baroreceptor reflex carry motor information from the spinal cord to the heart and blood vessels.

Question 15

• If a child with nephrotic syndrome loses large amounts of albumin in the urine, plasma oncotic pressure decreases, and edema develops.

Question 16

• Blood flows from the arterial side to the venous side of the circulation because arterial pressure is higher than venous pressure.

Question 17

• Baroreceptors are located in the carotid sinus and aortic arch.

Question 18

• To maintain a consistent cardiac output, stroke volume decreases as heart rate increases.

Question 19

• Baroreceptors are located in the carotid sinus and aortic arch and sense changes in blood pressure.

Question 20

• Pulmonary edema is most likely to develop if pulmonary capillary pressure increases.

Question 21

• Exertion of pressure over the carotid sinus (tight collar) is most likely to induce carotid sinus syncope.

Question 22

• Edema is least likely to occur when plasma osmolarity increases.

Question 23

• If capillary pressure exceeds plasma oncotic pressure, more fluid leaves the capillaries to enter the interstitium.

Question 24

• Forced exhalation does not decrease pressure in the chest during the Valsalva maneuver.

Question 25

• Systemic vascular resistance decreases when arterioles dilate.