Chpt. 19 — 2
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Questions and Answers

A decreased plasma oncotic pressure is caused by:

  • dehydration and "tenting."
  • a hypoxemia-induced polycythemia.
  • leukocytosis.
  • loss of plasma proteins, such as albumin. (correct)

If plasma oncotic pressure exceeds capillary pressure,

  • blood volume decreases.
  • plasma proteins diffuse from the capillary into the interstitium.
  • more fluid is filtered from the capillary into the interstitium.
  • more fluid moves into the capillary from the interstitium. (correct)

Which of the following exerts a vasopressor effect?

  • BNP
  • ADH (correct)
  • Both BNP and ANP
  • ANP

Loss of speech, paralysis, and possible death can be caused by:

<p>rupture of a blood vessel in the brain. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The disappearance of Korotkoff sounds:

<p>Both indicate that blood flow has been restored in the previously occluded blood vessel and is recorded as the diastolic reading. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is most related to the systolic reading, diastolic reading, and Korotkoff sounds?

<p>Blood pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the left ventricle of the heart fails, blood backs up in the pulmonary capillary,

<p>increasing capillary pressure and forcing fluid into the lungs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

While "taking" a blood pressure, you record the first Korotkoff sounds as the:

<p>systolic reading. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is not true about baroreceptors?

<p>Activated by hypoxemia. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Your patient's initial blood pressure was 155/95 mm Hg. After 10 minutes, his blood pressure was 125/75 mm Hg. Which of the following best reflects this observation?

<p>White coat hypertension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plasma oncotic pressure is caused primarily by:

<p>plasma proteins, especially albumin. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of sympathetic nerve stimulation?

<p>All are correct (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessels have very thin walls and are called the exchange vessels?

<p>Capillaries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the sympathetic and parasympathetic arms of the baroreceptor reflex? They carry:

<p>motor information from the spinal cord to the heart and blood vessels. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a child with nephrotic syndrome loses large amounts of albumin in the urine (albuminuria),

<p>plasma oncotic pressure decreases and edema develops. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does blood flow from the arterial side of the circulation to the venous side of the circulation?

<p>The pressure on the arterial side of the circulation is higher than the pressure on the venous side of the circulation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a true statement regarding baroreceptors?

<p>Baroreceptors are located in the carotid sinus and aortic arch. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To maintain a consistent cardiac output, what happens to SV as HR increases?

<p>Stroke volume decreases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Baroreceptors:

<p>are located in the carotid sinus and aortic arch and sense changes in blood pressure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is most likely to develop if the pressure in the pulmonary capillaries increases?

<p>Pulmonary edema (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is most likely to induce carotid sinus syncope?

<p>Exertion of pressure over the carotid sinus (tight collar) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Edema is least likely to occur in which of the following situations?

<p>Plasma osmolarity increases when the patient becomes dehydrated. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If capillary pressure exceeds plasma oncotic pressure,

<p>more fluid leaves the capillaries to enter the interstitium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not true of the Valsalva maneuver?

<p>Forced exhalation decreases pressure in the chest. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Systemic vascular resistance decreases when the:

<p>arterioles dilate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Functions of Blood Vessels

Blood vessels circulate blood throughout the body, delivering nutrients and oxygen.

Arteries

Blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart.

Veins

Blood vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.

Capillaries

Tiny blood vessels where gas and nutrient exchange occurs.

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Oxygen Transport

The process of oxygen moving from the lungs into the blood and to the cells.

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Nutrient Delivery

Nutrients are transported from digested food to body cells via blood.

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Blood Pressure

The force of blood against the walls of blood vessels.

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Vein Valves

Structures in veins that prevent backflow of blood.

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Aorta

The largest artery in the body that carries blood from the heart to the body.

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Pulmonary Circulation

The part of the circulatory system that moves blood between the heart and lungs.

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Systemic Circulation

The portion of the circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood to the body and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart.

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Endothelium

The thin layer of cells lining blood vessels.

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Vasodilation

The widening of blood vessels to increase blood flow.

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Vasoconstriction

The narrowing of blood vessels to reduce blood flow.

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Blood volume regulation

The control of the amount of blood in the circulatory system, crucial for maintaining blood pressure.

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Hypoxia

A condition in which there is insufficient oxygen in tissues.

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Thrombosis

The formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel.

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Atherosclerosis

A condition characterized by the buildup of fatty deposits in arteries.

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Circulatory System

The system that circulates blood throughout the body, consisting of the heart and blood vessels.

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Arterial Disease

Conditions that affect arteries, often leading to restricted blood flow.

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Vein Compression

The pressure applied to veins that can potentially cause blood flow issues.

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Regulation of body temperature

The blood vessels contribute to maintaining body temperature by changing diameter.

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Embolism

The blockage of a blood vessel by a clot or other foreign material.

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Lymphatic System

A network that helps to remove waste and maintain fluid balance, working closely with blood vessels.

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Endarterectomy

A surgical procedure to remove plaque from arteries.

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Pericardium

The fibrous sac surrounding the heart, protecting and supporting it.

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Hemostasis

The process which prevents and stops bleeding or hemorrhage.

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Myocardial Infarction

Commonly known as a heart attack, occurring when blood flow to the heart is blocked.

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Study Notes

Question 1

  • A decreased plasma oncotic pressure is caused by a loss of plasma proteins, such as albumin.

Question 2

  • If plasma oncotic pressure exceeds capillary pressure, more fluid moves into the capillary from the interstitium.

Question 3

  • ADH exerts a vasopressor effect.

Question 4

  • Loss of speech, paralysis, and possible death can be caused by rupture of a blood vessel in the brain.

Question 5

  • The disappearance of Korotkoff sounds indicates that blood flow has been restored in the previously occluded blood vessel and is recorded as the diastolic reading.

Question 6

  • Blood pressure is most related to systolic reading, diastolic reading, and Korotkoff sounds.

Question 7

  • If the left ventricle fails, blood backs up in the pulmonary capillary, increasing capillary pressure and forcing fluid into the lungs.

Question 8

  • While taking a blood pressure, the first Korotkoff sounds indicate the systolic reading.

Question 9

  • Baroreceptors are not activated by hypoxemia.

Question 10

  • White coat hypertension best reflects the observation of a patient's initial blood pressure decreasing from 155/95 mm Hg to 125/75 mm Hg after 10 minutes.

Question 11

  • Plasma oncotic pressure is primarily caused by plasma proteins, especially albumin.

Question 12

  • Consequence of sympathetic nerve stimulation include increased myocardial force of contraction, peripheral vasoconstriction, and increased systemic vascular resistance.

Question 13

  • Capillaries are the exchange vessels with thin walls.

Question 14

  • The sympathetic and parasympathetic arms of the baroreceptor reflex carry motor information from the spinal cord to the heart and blood vessels.

Question 15

  • If a child with nephrotic syndrome loses large amounts of albumin in the urine, plasma oncotic pressure decreases, and edema develops.

Question 16

  • Blood flows from the arterial side to the venous side of the circulation because arterial pressure is higher than venous pressure.

Question 17

  • Baroreceptors are located in the carotid sinus and aortic arch.

Question 18

  • To maintain a consistent cardiac output, stroke volume decreases as heart rate increases.

Question 19

  • Baroreceptors are located in the carotid sinus and aortic arch and sense changes in blood pressure.

Question 20

  • Pulmonary edema is most likely to develop if pulmonary capillary pressure increases.

Question 21

  • Exertion of pressure over the carotid sinus (tight collar) is most likely to induce carotid sinus syncope.

Question 22

  • Edema is least likely to occur when plasma osmolarity increases.

Question 23

  • If capillary pressure exceeds plasma oncotic pressure, more fluid leaves the capillaries to enter the interstitium.

Question 24

  • Forced exhalation does not decrease pressure in the chest during the Valsalva maneuver.

Question 25

  • Systemic vascular resistance decreases when arterioles dilate.

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Chpt. 19 — 2 PDF - Functions of the Blood Vessels Past Paper

Description

This lesson covers key concepts related to blood pressure, plasma oncotic pressure, and fluid dynamics. Topics include the effects of plasma protein loss, ADH, and the significance of Korotkoff sounds in blood pressure measurement. Also, brain blood vessel rupture and left ventricle failure.

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