22 Questions
What is blood pressure?
Blood pressure is the force of the blood pushing against the artery walls during contraction and relaxation of the heart.
What are the two numbers recorded when measuring blood pressure?
Systolic and Diastolic
What is the normal blood pressure range for an adult?
Systolic of less than 120 and Diastolic of less than 80 (120/80)
The __________ pressure refers to the pressure inside the artery when the heart is at rest and is filling with blood.
diastolic
What is the purpose of a sphygmomanometer in blood pressure measurement?
To measure blood pressure by inflating a cuff around the arm and listening for arterial sounds with a stethoscope.
The first knocking sound when using a sphygmomanometer indicates diastolic pressure.
False
What is an advantage of using a sphygmomanometer?
It is easy to use and does not require recalibration.
What is the purpose of the bladder in a sphygmomanometer?
To compress the arm to occlude the artery
What is the correct position of the cuff during blood pressure measurement?
One inch above the antecubital fossa
What is the purpose of the valve in a sphygmomanometer?
To control the air pressure in the cuff
How much of the circumference of the upper arm should the cuff bladder cover?
80%
What is the first sound heard during blood pressure measurement using a sphygmomanometer?
Systolic pressure
What is the purpose of the bulb in a sphygmomanometer?
To pump air into the cuff
What is the palpation method used for?
To measure systolic pressure
What is the primary factor that affects blood pressure during contraction of the heart?
Cardiac output
Which part of the stethoscope transmits high-pitched sounds?
Diaphragm
Why is it important to keep the mercury sphygmomanometer in an upright position?
To ensure accurate readings
What is the unit of measurement for blood pressure?
Millimeters of mercury
Which of the following is NOT a factor that determines blood pressure?
Body temperature
What is the purpose of the earpieces in a stethoscope?
To fit snugly in the ear canal
What happens if the mercury sphygmomanometer is dropped accidentally?
There are high chances of risks
Which method of blood pressure measurement uses a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer?
Auscultatory method
Study Notes
Blood Pressure
- Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against artery walls during heart contractions and relaxations.
- It has two numbers: systolic pressure (higher number) and diastolic pressure (lower number), both measured in mm Hg.
- Normal blood pressure is systolic < 120 and diastolic < 80 (120/80).
Factors Determining Blood Pressure
- Cardiac output
- Peripheral resistance
- Viscosity
- Blood volume
- Gravity
Methods of Blood Pressure Measurement
Ascultatory Method
- Uses a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer
- Stethoscope parts:
- Earpieces: fit snugly, follow natural curve of ear canal, point towards face
- Tubing: 12-18 inches long, longer tubing decreases sound wave transmission
- Diaphragm: circular, flat surface, transmits high-pitched sounds
- Bell: bowl-shaped, transmits low-pitched sounds
- Mercury sphygmomanometer:
- Most conventional form of blood pressure apparatus
- Consists of manually inflatable cuffs attached to mercury-infused tubes
- Parts:
- Storage of mercury and graduated tube
- Bladder: inflatable bag to compress arm and occlude artery
- Cuff: designed to hold bladder around arm during measurement
- Valve: deflation valve to control cuff
- Bulb: used to pump air into cuff
- Procedure to use a sphygmomanometer:
- Wrap cuff around upper arm with lower edge one inch above antecubital fossa
- Cuff must be at heart level
- Press stethoscope's bell lightly over brachial artery
- Close valve, compress bulb, and monitor mercury gauge
- Open valve and monitor first knocking sound (systolic pressure) and last sound (diastolic pressure)
Palpation Method
- Uses a jest sphygmomanometer and palpation of puls
- Procedure:
- Wrap cuff around upper arm with lower edge one inch above antecubital fossa
- Open valve, close valve of bulb, and compress bulb
- Monitor mercury gauge and first sound (systolic pressure)
Blood Pressure
- Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against artery walls during heart contractions and relaxations.
- It has two numbers: systolic pressure (higher number) and diastolic pressure (lower number), both measured in mm Hg.
- Normal blood pressure is systolic < 120 and diastolic < 80 (120/80).
Factors Determining Blood Pressure
- Cardiac output
- Peripheral resistance
- Viscosity
- Blood volume
- Gravity
Methods of Blood Pressure Measurement
Ascultatory Method
- Uses a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer
- Stethoscope parts:
- Earpieces: fit snugly, follow natural curve of ear canal, point towards face
- Tubing: 12-18 inches long, longer tubing decreases sound wave transmission
- Diaphragm: circular, flat surface, transmits high-pitched sounds
- Bell: bowl-shaped, transmits low-pitched sounds
- Mercury sphygmomanometer:
- Most conventional form of blood pressure apparatus
- Consists of manually inflatable cuffs attached to mercury-infused tubes
- Parts:
- Storage of mercury and graduated tube
- Bladder: inflatable bag to compress arm and occlude artery
- Cuff: designed to hold bladder around arm during measurement
- Valve: deflation valve to control cuff
- Bulb: used to pump air into cuff
- Procedure to use a sphygmomanometer:
- Wrap cuff around upper arm with lower edge one inch above antecubital fossa
- Cuff must be at heart level
- Press stethoscope's bell lightly over brachial artery
- Close valve, compress bulb, and monitor mercury gauge
- Open valve and monitor first knocking sound (systolic pressure) and last sound (diastolic pressure)
Palpation Method
- Uses a jest sphygmomanometer and palpation of puls
- Procedure:
- Wrap cuff around upper arm with lower edge one inch above antecubital fossa
- Open valve, close valve of bulb, and compress bulb
- Monitor mercury gauge and first sound (systolic pressure)
Learn about blood pressure, its definition, and how it's measured. Understand systolic and diastolic pressure readings.
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