Blood Pressure Basics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is blood pressure (BP)?

BP is the force of blood pushing against the walls of arteries, expressed as systolic/diastolic BP.

What is the normal BP?

Normal BP is < 130/80 mmHg.

Why do we worry about high blood pressure?

Complications of persistent high blood pressure include nephrosclerosis and chronic kidney disease.

What do you need to measure BP?

<p>A stethoscope, BP cuff, and patient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the mechanics behind measuring BP?

<p>You indirectly measure the pressure in the blood vessel using a cuff that compresses the artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do we take an accurate BP?

<p>Check your equipment, ensure a quiet environment, and confirm your patient is relaxed and not talking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is required to measure blood pressure? (Select all that apply)

<p>BP cuff (A), Stethoscope (C), Patient (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood pressure is measured in _____ and _____?

<p>systolic and diastolic</p> Signup and view all the answers

High blood pressure can lead to chronic kidney disease.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Blood Pressure Basics

  • Blood Pressure (BP) is the force of blood pushing against the walls of arteries.
  • BP is expressed as two numbers: systolic/diastolic.
    • Systolic BP: pressure when the heart beats.
    • Diastolic BP: pressure when the heart is at rest between beats.
  • Normal BP: < 130/80 mmHg

Why Measure BP?

  • High BP is a major risk factor for kidney disease.
  • Hypertension can damage nephrons (kidney filtering units).

High Blood Pressure Complications

  • Nephrosclerosis (hardening of kidney arteries) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Measuring BP Technique

  • Environment: Quiet, free from disturbance.
  • Patient Preparation:
    • Relax patient, have them sit or lie down for 5 minutes.
    • Ask the patient not to talk during measurement.
    • Remove clothing from the upper arm.
  • Equipment:
    • Stethoscope: Clean ear tips and check for holes in tubing.
    • Blood Pressure Cuff:
      • Select the appropriate cuff size based on arm circumference.
      • Align cuff's arrow or white dot with the brachial artery.
  • Procedure:
    • Position patient upright, feet flat on the ground, arm flat and at heart level.
    • Inflate cuff until artery is compressed and blood flow stops.
    • Slowly release air in the cuff.
    • Listen for Korotkoff's sounds (sounds produced by blood flow through the artery).
    • Record the systolic and diastolic readings when sounds appear and disappear.

Korotkoff's Sounds

  • Five distinct phases of sounds produced by turbulent blood flow in the artery as the cuff deflates.
  • Used to determine systolic and diastolic BP.

Choosing the Right Cuff Size

  • Measure arm circumference (distance around the arm):
    • 7 to 9 inches: Small adult cuff
    • 9 to 13 inches: Standard adult cuff
    • 13 to 17 inches: Large adult cuff

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