circulation

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What is the primary factor that affects peripheral resistance?

Blood vessel length
Blood pressure
Blood vessel diameter (correct)
Blood viscosity

Which of the following increases blood pressure?

Vasodilation of arterioles
Decrease in cardiac output
Increase in peripheral resistance (correct)
Decrease in stroke volume

What is the formula to calculate cardiac output?

Heart rate divided by stroke volume
Stroke volume divided by heart rate
Heart rate plus stroke volume
Heart rate multiplied by stroke volume (correct)

Which of the following mechanisms increases blood flow through the veins?

Skeletal muscle pump (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cardiovascular control centre?

Regulation of heart rate, contractility of ventricles, and blood vessel diameter (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of an increase in sympathetic outflow to the body?

Release of epinephrine and increase in heart rate (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Baroreceptor reflex?

Regulation of blood pressure in the short term (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the angiotensin II hormone on the adrenal gland?

Secretion of aldosterone and increase in blood volume (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of an increase in venous return on cardiac output?

Increase in cardiac output (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the kidneys in long-term control of blood pressure?

Regulation of blood volume and degree of arteriole vasoconstriction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of erythrocytes in the human body?

To transport nutrients and oxygen (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the body seals a ruptured blood vessel and prevents further blood loss?

Hemostasis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the classification of human blood based on the presence or absence of the antigen D on the surface of red blood cells?

RH blood type (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of receiving an incompatible blood type during a transfusion?

The antibodies will attack the antigens, causing clumping and interfering with blood flow (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the cellular elements of blood that are involved in protecting the body from disease?

Leukocytes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the liquid portion of blood that circulates the formed elements and dissolved materials throughout the cardiovascular system?

Plasma (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood is considered the universal donor?

Type O- blood (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which blood cells are produced?

Hemopoiesis (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood is considered the universal recipient?

Type AB+ blood (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of agglutination in blood transfusions?

The clustering of cells into masses linked by antibodies (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why blood pressure is essential for the body?

To ensure proper flow of blood from the heart to the body's organs and tissues (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the threshold of mean arterial pressure required to ensure sufficient blood flow to vital organs?

At least 60 mmHg (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of blood pressure being too low?

Brain damage and eventual death (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure?

Systolic pressure is the pressure during ventricular contraction, while diastolic pressure is the pressure during ventricular relaxation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of blood pressure in a clinical setting?

120 systolic and 80 diastolic (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location where blood pressure is highest in the body?

Arteries (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of high blood pressure?

Injury to the inner lining of the blood vessels and damage to organs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the average arterial pressure throughout one cycle of systole and diastole?

Mean arterial pressure (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the differences in pressure between different regions of the body?

To allow for the movement of blood from higher pressure to lower pressure regions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of time before brain damage occurs due to inadequate blood pressure?

4 minutes (C) Signup and view all the answers