circulation
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary factor that affects peripheral resistance?

  • Blood vessel length
  • Blood pressure
  • Blood vessel diameter (correct)
  • Blood viscosity

    • Which of the following increases blood pressure?

  • Vasodilation of arterioles
  • Decrease in cardiac output
  • Increase in peripheral resistance (correct)
  • Decrease in stroke volume

    • What is the formula to calculate cardiac output?

  • Heart rate divided by stroke volume
  • Stroke volume divided by heart rate
  • Heart rate plus stroke volume
  • Heart rate multiplied by stroke volume (correct)

    • Which of the following mechanisms increases blood flow through the veins?

    <p>Skeletal muscle pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cardiovascular control centre?

    <p>Regulation of heart rate, contractility of ventricles, and blood vessel diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of an increase in sympathetic outflow to the body?

    <p>Release of epinephrine and increase in heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Baroreceptor reflex?

    <p>Regulation of blood pressure in the short term</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the angiotensin II hormone on the adrenal gland?

    <p>Secretion of aldosterone and increase in blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an increase in venous return on cardiac output?

    <p>Increase in cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the kidneys in long-term control of blood pressure?

    <p>Regulation of blood volume and degree of arteriole vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of erythrocytes in the human body?

    <p>To transport nutrients and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which the body seals a ruptured blood vessel and prevents further blood loss?

    <p>Hemostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the classification of human blood based on the presence or absence of the antigen D on the surface of red blood cells?

    <p>RH blood type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of receiving an incompatible blood type during a transfusion?

    <p>The antibodies will attack the antigens, causing clumping and interfering with blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the cellular elements of blood that are involved in protecting the body from disease?

    <p>Leukocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the liquid portion of blood that circulates the formed elements and dissolved materials throughout the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood is considered the universal donor?

    <p>Type O- blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which blood cells are produced?

    <p>Hemopoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood is considered the universal recipient?

    <p>Type AB+ blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of agglutination in blood transfusions?

    <p>The clustering of cells into masses linked by antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why blood pressure is essential for the body?

    <p>To ensure proper flow of blood from the heart to the body's organs and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the threshold of mean arterial pressure required to ensure sufficient blood flow to vital organs?

    <p>At least 60 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of blood pressure being too low?

    <p>Brain damage and eventual death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure?

    <p>Systolic pressure is the pressure during ventricular contraction, while diastolic pressure is the pressure during ventricular relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of blood pressure in a clinical setting?

    <p>120 systolic and 80 diastolic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location where blood pressure is highest in the body?

    <p>Arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of high blood pressure?

    <p>Injury to the inner lining of the blood vessels and damage to organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the average arterial pressure throughout one cycle of systole and diastole?

    <p>Mean arterial pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the differences in pressure between different regions of the body?

    <p>To allow for the movement of blood from higher pressure to lower pressure regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of time before brain damage occurs due to inadequate blood pressure?

    <p>4 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

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