Blood & Immune System: BIOM*3200

A natural system of defense.

The body's first line of defense, including physical and chemical surface barriers.

Internal cellular and chemical defense that acts if a pathogen penetrates barriers; the second line of defense.

Immune response that occurs if a pathogen survives nonspecific defenses, also known as the third line of defense.

Immune system that is a natural defense, not learned through experience.

Immune system that mounts an immune response if a pathogen survives nonspecific, internal defenses.

The formation and development of white blood cells.

White blood cells divided into granulocytes and agranulocytes.

A type of white blood cell with granules in their cytoplasm; includes neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.

A type of white blood cell without visible granules in their cytoplasm; includes monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes.

Segmented nucleus with 2-5 lobes, granules stain slightly pink; abundant leukocytes, early responders to infections.

Bilobed nucleus, cytoplasmic granules stain bright red; defense against parasites.

Lobed nucleus, cytoplasmic granules stain blue in hematoxylin dye; function in inflammatory reactions and allergies.

Process where neutrophils travel from blood vessels to tissues during inflammation.

White blood cells that are precursors to macrophages, found in the bloodstream.

Primary tissue scavengers, larger and more effective than neutrophils; ingest bacteria and remove debris.

Histiocytes are the macrophages in the skin.

Kupfer cells are a type of macrophage found in the liver.

Specialized macrophages in bone tissue.

Resident macrophages of the brain and spinal cord.

Macrophages located in the spleen.

White blood cells derived from bone marrow, that circulate and encounter pathogens in tissues.

Lymphocytes that protect against viral infections and some cancers; can respond very quickly.

A molecule, often on the surface of a pathogen, that the immune system recognizes as a specific threat.

Proteins expressed on the surface of cells that display self and non-self antigens.

MHC marker found on the cell surface of all nucleated cells in the bodies of vertebrates.

MHC marker found mostly on macrophages, B cells, and dendritic cells (APCs).

Lymphocytes activated by antigen presenting cells (APCs).

A type of adaptive immune response where effector cytotoxic T cells attack foreign antigens

Naïve cytotoxic T cells that divides into effector cytotoxic T cells that target cells displaying foreign antigen.

A type of immune response where plasma cells secrete antibodies that neutralize foreign proteins and trigger complement.

Theory that exposure to an antigen stimulates B cells to produce clones that produce antibodies.

The body's first response to an antigen.

The response that occurs after memory cells encounter the same antigen.

Consists of 9 complement proteins activated by antibodies marking antigens, leading to a cell-killing complex.

First pathway where antibodies and C1 proteins bind to the pathogen's surface triggering the cascade.

Pathway where lectins bind to mannose residues and trigger the activation of complement system

The complex that forms a large pore in the bacterial cell membrane, leading to osmotic lysis.

Defensive process where blood vessels widen due to injured tissue releasing chemical signals.

Systemic, whole-body inflammation that causes organ dysfunction.

Failure of the immune system to recognize and tolerate self-antigens.