Immune System Basics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the immune system?

To protect the body from internal and external attacks from dangerous pathogens.

What is a pathogen?

An agent that causes disease, such as a virus, bacterium, fungus, or protozoan.

What are the three lines of defense in the human body?

First Line of Defense, Second Line of Defense, Third Line of Defense.

What does the First Line of Defense include?

<p>Skin and mucous membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Second Line of Defense include?

<p>Agents and mechanisms that challenge foreign threats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Third Line of Defense?

<p>A specific immune response to the threat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the First Line of Defense?

<p>Skin, mucus, gastric juice, and bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the skin in the First Line of Defense do?

<p>Acts as a mechanical barrier that physically inhibits entry of pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does mucus in the First Line of Defense do?

<p>Acts as a chemical barrier that contains enzymes that destroy pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does gastric juice do in the First Line of Defense?

<p>Is an acidic fluid secreted by the stomach that kills many microbes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do bacteria do in the First Line of Defense?

<p>Prevent harmful pathogens from surviving by taking up space and resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the second line of defense consist of?

<p>Inflammatory response, phagocytosis, and other mechanisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is phagocytosis in the second line of defense?

<p>A process where nonspecific leukocytes engulf and break down any type of pathogens they encounter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the inflammatory response?

<p>A series of nonspecific responses to foreign agents that includes vasodilation and chemical alarms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do nonspecific defenses mean?

<p>They attack all pathogens the same way.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do specific defenses target?

<p>Specific antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of defense is the First Line of Defense?

<p>Nonspecific.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of defense is the Second Line of Defense?

<p>Nonspecific.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of defense is the Third Line of Defense?

<p>Specific.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The third line of defense is a specific defense referred to as the ________.

<p>immune response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

____________ are any molecules that the immune system identifies as foreign.

<p>Antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of immune responses controlled by the lymphatic system?

<p>Humoral and cell-mediated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lymphatic system?

<p>A group of organs and tissues that produce and store cells that fight infection and disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two important lymphocytes?

<p>B Cell and T Cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do B Cells do?

<p>Fight infections by forming antibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do T Cells do?

<p>Fight infections by destroying cells infected with viruses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Humoral Immune Response?

<p>The humoral response takes place in the blood and lymph and combats pathogens using B cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Some plasma cells survive in the body for years and are referred to as ________.

<p>memory cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are memory cells?

<p>Cells that allow for a more rapid response if the same pathogens infect the body in the future.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Cell-Mediated Immune Response?

<p>Attempts to destroy body cells infected by viruses, primarily involving T Cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Cytotoxic T Cells do?

<p>Release lethal toxins when they encounter virus-infected cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Regulatory T Cells do?

<p>End the cell-mediated immune response to prevent T Cells from unintentionally attacking its own antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Immunity?

<p>The body's ability to resist a pathogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Active Immunity?

<p>Results from memory cells being produced after fighting a certain pathogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Passive Immunity?

<p>Occurs when there is transfer of antibodies to an individual who has never been exposed to the pathogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Immunization?

<p>Designed to build active immunity against a targeted pathogen by purposely exposing the body to a milder version of the pathogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Immune System Basics

  • Main function is to protect the body from harmful pathogens, which may be internal or external.
  • Pathogens include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoans.

Lines of Defense

  • The immune system has three lines of defense:
    • First Line of Defense: Physical and chemical barriers such as skin and mucous membranes.
    • Second Line of Defense: Non-specific immune responses such as inflammatory responses and phagocytosis.
    • Third Line of Defense: Specific immune response targeting specific pathogens.

First Line of Defense Components

  • Skin: Acts as a mechanical barrier to prevent pathogen entry.
  • Mucus: Chemical barrier with enzymes that destroy pathogens; found in saliva and tears.
  • Gastric Juice: Acidic fluid that kills many microbes in the stomach.
  • Bacteria: Natural flora that competes for space and resources, inhibiting harmful pathogen growth.

Second Line of Defense Mechanisms

  • Inflammatory response triggers chemical alarms (e.g., histamines) that signal other defense mechanisms.
  • Phagocytosis: Process where leukocytes (white blood cells) engulf and break down pathogens.
  • Involves complement proteins, natural killer cells, and interferons for pathogen attack.

Defense Types

  • Nonspecific Defenses: Present in the first and second lines of defense, attacking invaders indiscriminately.
  • Specific Defenses: Occur in the third line of defense, targeting specific antigens.

Antigens and Immune Responses

  • Antigens are molecules recognized as foreign by the immune system, such as bacterial proteins and toxin substances.
  • Immune responses are categorized into two types:
    • Humoral Response: Involves B cells and antibody production.
    • Cell-Mediated Response: Primarily involves T cells targeting infected host cells.

Lymphatic System

  • Comprises organs and tissues like lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, and thymus that produce and store immune cells.

Key Lymphocytes

  • B Cells: Combat infections by producing antibodies; activated by helper T cells.
  • T Cells: Destroy virus-infected cells; includes:
    • Cytotoxic T Cells: Attack infected cells with toxins.
    • Regulatory T Cells: Regulate immune responses to prevent autoimmunity.

Memory Cells

  • Some plasma cells become memory cells, enabling a faster immune response during subsequent infections.

Immunity Types

  • Active Immunity: Developed after fighting an infection; involves the production of memory cells through exposure to pathogens or vaccination.
  • Passive Immunity: Transfer of antibodies from one individual to another without direct exposure to the pathogen; for example, maternal antibodies to a fetus.

Immunization

  • A method to develop active immunity by exposing the body to a weaker version of a pathogen to stimulate an immune response.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the immune system's structure and functions, including its lines of defense against harmful pathogens. This quiz covers the first and second lines of defense, detailing components such as skin, mucus, and inflammatory responses.

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