Blood Groups Basics

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Blood group is also known as?

Blood type

What is the classication of blood gruops based on

It is based on the presence and absence of of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells

The antigens that determines the classication of red blood cells may be?

Protein, carbohydrates, glycoproteins and glycolipids

List the types of blood group systems

ABO blood group systems and RH blood group systems Signup and view all the answers

Which blood group system is the most important in human blood transfusion

ABO blood systems Signup and view all the answers

ABO blood groups are also present in what organisms

Rodent and apes like chimpanzees, bonobos and gorilla Signup and view all the answers

What does the determination of ABO blood group depend on

It depends if the immunological reactions between antigen and anti bodies Signup and view all the answers

Antigens are also called what and why?

Agglutinogens because thy have the capacity to cause agglutination in RBC's Signup and view all the answers

What are the importance of blood groups

<ol> <li>In transfusion. 2. To prevent hemolytic disease. 3. To settle paternal disputes. 4. In medicolegal cases 5. To know knkw or determine susceptiblity to diseases</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What disease are people with blood group O susceptible to

Duodenal cancer Signup and view all the answers

Why are people with blood group A susceptible to

Carcinoma of stomach pancreas and salivary glands Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered it blood group AB and what year was it discovered

Adriano sturli and Alfred von decastello, 1902 Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first person to record a pre transfusion test for blood compatibility in a clinical setting

Reuben ottenberg Signup and view all the answers

State landSteiner rule

It states that if an antigen is present on a patient RBC the corresponding antibody will not be present in plasma under normal conditions Signup and view all the answers

List the blood groups there are

A, AB, B, O Signup and view all the answers

What anti body is present in the serum of blood group AB

None Signup and view all the answers

What anti body is present in the serum of blood group A

B antibody/ beta antibody Signup and view all the answers

What anti body is present in the serum of blood group B

A antibody / alpha antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What anti body is present in the serum of blood group O

Both antibiotics A abd B Signup and view all the answers

Blood grouping is done on the basis of what?

Agglutination Signup and view all the answers

What is agglutination

It is the collection of separate particles like RBC into clumps or mases Signup and view all the answers

When does agglutination happen?

It happens when an antigen is mixed with it's corresponding antibody( issoagglutinin) e.g when antigen A mixes with anti A( antibody) Signup and view all the answers

What are iso agglutinin

They are antibodies that causes agglutination in RBC'S in a different individual of the same blood groups antigens Signup and view all the answers

Which blood group is considered as the universal donor and why

O because in blood transfusion it is the antigen of the donor that is considered and blood group O doesn't have any antigens thus it can cause agglutination Signup and view all the answers

In blood transfusion is it antigens or antibodies that are considered in donors

Anti gens Signup and view all the answers

In blood transfusion what considered in recipient antigens or antibodies

Anti bodies Signup and view all the answers

What blood group is know as the universal recipient and why

AB, because in blood transfusion it is the antibodies of the recipient that is considered and AB has no antibodies thus unable to form agglutination when blood is revived from any blood group Signup and view all the answers

How many blood group systems are there

35 Signup and view all the answers

What is transfusion reactions

It is the adverse reaction that occurs where there is a mismatch of blood compatibility in blood transfusion. The reactions can be mild like hives or fever or can be severe like renal failure, shock or death Signup and view all the answers

How Important is the RH blood group system

It is the most important after the ABO system Signup and view all the answers

How many blood group antigens does the RH blood group system have

It consist of 50 defined blood group antigens Signup and view all the answers

How many of the RH blood group antigens are common and list them

6, C,D,E,c,d,e Signup and view all the answers

Which of the RH blood group antigens is prevalent

D Signup and view all the answers

Which of the RH blood group antigens determines the positive or negative rhesus factor of a blood group

Type D, presence of D = postive rhesus factor, absence of D = negative rhesus factor Signup and view all the answers

Who and when discovered the RH blood group systems

Karl landsteiner and Alexander Weiner in 1940 Signup and view all the answers

Where does the name "RHESUS FACTOR" come from

It was discovered in rhesus macaque thus the name RHESUS factor Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for erythroblastosis fetalis

Hemolytic diseases of the newborn Signup and view all the answers

What is erythroblastosis fetalis

It is a disease of a fetus and newborn child characterized by the aggutination and phagocytosis if the fetus RBC by the mother RH agglutinin Signup and view all the answers

Prevention of erythroblastosis fetalis

-prophylactic treatment -administration of anti D anti body to the expectant mother at 28-30 weeks of gestation Signup and view all the answers

Symptoms of erythroblastosis fetalis in fetus

-enlarged spleen or heart -fluid build up in abdomen Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs of erythroblastosis fetalis in a new born

-anemia -jaundice or yellow discoloration of the newborn's skin, sclera and mucous membrane -enlarged liver or spleen -dyspnea or difficulty in breathing - severe edema of the entire body Signup and view all the answers

How many major blood groups systems were recognized by the international blood group society and when

35, October 2012 Signup and view all the answers

List some of the other blood groups

-I group. -P group. -kell group. -duffy group. -bombay group -diego group Signup and view all the answers

Blood Group

A classification system for blood types based on the presence or absence of specific antigens on red blood cells.

Blood Type

Another name for blood group.

ABO Blood Group System

The most important blood group system in human blood transfusions, categorizing blood based on the presence of A, B, or both antigens or neither.