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Questions and Answers
What percentage of plasma is made up of water?
What percentage of plasma is made up of water?
Which of the following is NOT a function of plasma?
Which of the following is NOT a function of plasma?
What is the primary role of proteins in plasma?
What is the primary role of proteins in plasma?
Which formed element is responsible for oxygen transportation?
Which formed element is responsible for oxygen transportation?
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Which of these components is NOT found in plasma?
Which of these components is NOT found in plasma?
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What is the primary role of albumin in the blood?
What is the primary role of albumin in the blood?
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Which vitamin is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12?
Which vitamin is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12?
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What is the primary function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
What is the primary function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
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Which blood component is primarily involved in forming blood clots?
Which blood component is primarily involved in forming blood clots?
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Where does erythropoiesis occur in the body?
Where does erythropoiesis occur in the body?
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Which of the following statements about blood types is correct?
Which of the following statements about blood types is correct?
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What is the lifespan of a mature red blood cell in circulation?
What is the lifespan of a mature red blood cell in circulation?
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Which statement accurately describes the structure of red blood cells?
Which statement accurately describes the structure of red blood cells?
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What type of blood can a person with blood type AB+ receive?
What type of blood can a person with blood type AB+ receive?
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Which of the following statements about the Rh factor is true?
Which of the following statements about the Rh factor is true?
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What is the primary function of neutrophils?
What is the primary function of neutrophils?
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In the process of hemostasis, what triggers the formation of a platelet plug?
In the process of hemostasis, what triggers the formation of a platelet plug?
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What is fibrinolysis?
What is fibrinolysis?
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What is the normal range for a white blood cell count?
What is the normal range for a white blood cell count?
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What primary function do platelets serve in the body?
What primary function do platelets serve in the body?
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What defines a universal donor?
What defines a universal donor?
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What is the relationship between calcium and prothrombin in the clotting process?
What is the relationship between calcium and prothrombin in the clotting process?
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Study Notes
Blood Functions
- Blood is a connective tissue responsible for transportation, regulation, and protection.
- Transportation: Carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.
- Regulation: Balances pH, temperature, and water content.
- Protection: White blood cells fight disease, and platelets aid in blood clotting (hemostasis).
Blood Characteristics
- Amount: Varies by individual size and sex.
- Color: Reddish due to hemoglobin.
- pH: Maintained within a narrow range.
- Viscosity: Thickness or resistance to flow.
Blood Components
- Plasma: Liquid portion, 91% water, containing dissolved substances like nutrients, hormones, and waste products. Plasma proteins play critical roles in clotting, transporting substances and regulating fluid balance.
- Formed elements: Include erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and platelets (thrombocytes).
Plasma Functions
- Transportation: Carries essential substances throughout the body.
- pH balance: Maintains a stable blood pH.
- Carries body heat: Transports heat to regulate body temperature.
- Role of liver: Creates numerous plasma proteins.
- Role of muscles: Contribute to blood flow and heat distribution.
Blood Cell Formation
- Blood cells originate from stem cells within the bone marrow.
- Red blood cells (erythrocytes) are formed from a reticulocyte.
- White blood cells (leukocytes) and platelets are also produced by stem cells.
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
- Structure: Anucleate, biconcave, contain hemoglobin.
- Function: Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- Labs: Hemoglobin levels and hematocrit (Hct) are measured for assessing red blood cell count and function. Ingredients necessary for production include vitamin B12 (extrinsic factor), iron, folic acid, and other vitamins.
- Life cycle: About 120 days, produced and removed by the body continuously.
White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) - Granulocytes and Agranulocytes
- Structure: Contain a nucleus and various internal structures
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Function: Defense and immune responses.
- Granulocytes: Neutrophils (most abundant), eosinophils (allergic reactions), basophils (secretions).
- Agranulocytes: Lymphocytes (specific immunity), monocytes (phagocytosis).
- Labs: A white blood cell count is a measure of leukocyte levels.
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
- Structure: Fragments, survive about 7 days, involved in clotting. Platelet count assists with diagnosing issues.
- Function: Blood clotting (hemostasis). 3 steps: vascular spasm, platelet plug formation and chemical clotting.
- Labs: Platelet counts assess function.
Blood Clotting (Hemostasis)
- The goal is to form a blood clot.
- Stage 1: Formation of substances for clotting
- Stage 2: Prothrombin is converted to thrombin, converting fibrinogen to fibrin.
- Stage 3: Fibrin forms a mesh trap that holds RBCs and platelets.
Blood Clot Dissolution (Fibrinolysis)
- Dissolution of a blood clot occurs with the help of the chemical plasmin dissolving fibrin in the blood clot.
- The prevention of blood clots can be aided through smooth endothelium, blood flow, Heparin, natural production by basophils.
Blood Typing and Blood Groups
- Blood type is identified by the presence or absence of antigens (A, B) on red blood cells and corresponding antibodies in the blood plasma.
- Universal donor: O-
- Universal recipient: AB+
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Description
This quiz covers the essential functions, characteristics, and components of blood. Topics include transportation, regulation, and protection roles of blood as well as an overview of its components such as plasma and formed elements. Test your understanding of this vital connective tissue and its significance in the body.
