Special Circulations cerebral and coronary

What is the primary mechanism for matching blood flow to the metabolic needs of a tissue?

Which arteries provide the entire blood supply to the myocardium?

What is the estimated difference in effectiveness between myocardial and skeletal muscle capillaries in exchanging small molecules?

What determines coronary blood flow?

During which phase of the cardiac cycle does the majority of coronary blood flow occur?

What percentage of total coronary flow occurs during systole in the left ventricle?

Does intramyocardial pressure in the left ventricle exceed ventricular intracavity pressure during systole?

Does intramyocardial pressure in the right ventricle exceed aortic pressure under normal conditions?

Which organ system experiences more continuous blood flow that follows aortic pressure changes?

How does blood return to the right atrium?

Why does the capillary density in the heart exceed that in skeletal muscle?

How effective are myocardial capillaries compared to skeletal muscle capillaries in exchanging small molecules?

What percentage of the total coronary resistance to blood flow under resting conditions is accounted for by myocardial compression?

When does blood flow to the left ventricle reduce to approximately zero?

When does maximal left coronary inflow occur?

What is the primary mechanism for matching blood flow to the metabolic needs of a tissue?

Which of the following is true about changes in the duration of diastole under normal conditions?

What happens to coronary blood flow during tachycardia?

What happens to coronary blood flow during bradycardia?

Where is intramyocardial pressure greater during systole?

Under normal conditions, how is the distribution of coronary blood flow across the heart wall?

What may contribute to the greater frequency of sub-endocardial myocardial infarctions under pathological conditions?

What is autoregulation of the coronary arteries?

What happens to blood flow when perfusion pressure is varied between 60 and 160 mmHg?

What happens to the autoregulatory curve when myocardial oxygen consumption increases?

During which phase of the cardiac cycle is endocardial blood flow greater than epicardial blood flow?

During diastole, which type of blood flow is greater in the heart?

Which vessels in the heart can maintain coronary flow when arterial pressure drops?

What happens to average flow when myocardial oxygen consumption decreases?

Which of the following is true about the control of coronary blood flow during exercise?

What happens to the myocardium during ischemia?

What is a common symptom of myocardial ischemia?

What is the role of collateral circulation in chronic myocardial ischemia?

What happens to collateral arteries in the presence of coronary artery stenosis?

What is the primary determinant of coronary blood flow?

What happens to coronary blood flow during tachycardia?

What happens to coronary blood flow during bradycardia?

What is the effect of hypoxia on coronary blood flow?

What happens to coronary blood flow when oxygen supply does not meet oxygen demand?

Which of the following is a treatment option for myocardial ischemia that aims to increase blood flow?

Which organ is the least tolerant of ischemia?

What happens if flow to the brain is interrupted for only 5 seconds?

What is the major function of sympathetic innervation of cerebral vessels?

What happens when intracranial pressure increases?

What is the purpose of the Cushing reaction?

What is the role of autonomic control in the normal regulation of cerebral blood flow?

What happens when the arterial pressure rises above the cerebrospinal fluid pressure?

What is the effect of chronic exposure to high blood pressure on autoregulation of cerebral blood flow?

What mediators have been thought to be involved in the regulation of cerebral blood flow?

What is the function of the blood-brain barrier?

Which of the following is a sign or symptom of a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?

What is the leading cause of a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or stroke?

What percentage of strokes are hemorrhagic?

What is the duration of a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?

What happens to collateral arteries in the presence of coronary artery stenosis?

What is the primary cause of death in a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or stroke?

What are the signs and symptoms of a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?

Which arteries supply the arterial blood to the brain?

What happens to cerebral blood flow when blood or cerebrospinal fluid CO2 increases?

What happens to the autoregulatory curve in individuals with chronic exposure to high blood pressure (hypertension)?

What happens to cerebral vascular resistance when there is reflex sympathetic stimulation resulting from systemic hypotension?

What happens to intracranial pressure when there is an increase in volume of any of the intracranial structures?

What happens to cerebral vascular resistance when intracranial pressure increases?

What happens to blood pressure when cerebral spinal fluid pressure rises to equal arterial pressure?

What is the innervation of cerebral vessels?

What happens to the blood supply to the brain when cerebral spinal fluid pressure rises to equal arterial pressure?

Which individuals are better protected against increases in systemic pressure but are more vulnerable to reductions in blood pressure?

What can happen if pressure is rapidly lowered in individuals with chronic exposure to high blood pressure (hypertension)?