Blood Flow and Vessel Anatomy

<p>The ability of large arteries to expand and store energy during ventricular ejection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tunic externa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drain blood from capillaries into larger veins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are elastic and can expand to hold a large volume of blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasoconstriction of blood vessels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resistance (R) decreases exponentially. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flow is inversely proportional to resistance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resistance decreases by approximately 94%. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasoconstriction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An increase in blood flow due to increased metabolic activity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The SNS primarily constricts arterioles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The viscosity of blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Norepinephrine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basal tone is a state of contraction influenced by a small number of activated cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Norepinephrine activates G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), leading to intracellular calcium release. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>These filaments allow for significant changes in length during contraction, enabling efficient vasoconstriction and vasodilation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arteriolar diameter is directly proportional to blood flow; a wider diameter leads to increased flow. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metarteriole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood Volume (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flow is directly proportional to the pressure gradient (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resistance is inversely proportional to flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood pressure is highest in the aorta and decreases as you move through the circulatory system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate the exchange of nutrients and waste products between blood and cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreasing the viscosity of the fluid. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The relationship between pressure gradient and resistance in the circulatory system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood vessels have three layers: tunic intima, tunic media, and tunic externa.

The innermost layer of blood vessels, made of endothelial cells.

Middle layer of blood vessels, primarily composed of smooth muscle, regulated by the sympathetic nervous system.

Outer layer of blood vessels, made up of fibrous connective tissue for support.

The ability of large elastic arteries to expand and store energy during ventricular ejection.

The ability of arteries to return to original shape, pushing blood forward during relaxation.

Veins collect blood from capillaries and return it to the heart; contain valves to prevent backflow.

Veins hold about 70% of the body's blood and act as reservoirs during hemorrhage.

Network of small blood vessels where exchange occurs.

A vessel that connects an arteriole directly to a venule.

Vessels where nutrient and gas exchange occurs.

Flow is proportional to driving pressure gradient and inversely to resistance: Flow µ DP/R.

Fluid flow through a tube depends on the pressure difference (DP).

Flow is inversely proportional to resistance: Flow µ 1/R.

Blood pressure is highest in the aorta, decreasing through the circulatory system.

Describes factors affecting fluid resistance in a tube.

Resistance to flow in a tube; affected by length, viscosity, and radius.

Resistance increases as the length of the tube increases.

Higher viscosity of fluid increases resistance to flow.

Resistance decreases as the radius of the tube increases to the fourth power.

Decrease in blood vessel diameter, leading to increased resistance and decreased blood flow.

Increase in blood vessel diameter, leading to decreased resistance and increased blood flow.

Flow is inversely proportional to resistance; as resistance increases, flow decreases.

Factors include myogenic autoregulation, paracrines, and sympathetic control.

Part of the adrenal gland that produces epinephrine, crucial for the fight or flight response.

Increase in blood flow to a tissue based on its activity level, mediated locally.

Increased blood flow after a temporary blockage is removed, often causing a rush of blood.

Fluctuations in calcium levels that control the contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells.

A neurotransmitter that causes vasoconstriction and regulates arteriolar diameter.