Blood Composition and RBC Differentiation
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Questions and Answers

Which of these options are correct about the blood?

  • The density of the blood is 2 times more the density of the water (correct)
  • With a severe anemia the haematocrit is higher than the normal values
  • The haematocrit is the number of RBC that we have in blood
  • The red colour is given by the platelets
  • Its medium pH is around 7.4 (correct)

    • Which ion is the regulator of acid-base balance and CO2 transport?

  • Phosphate
  • Sodium
  • Carbonate (correct)
  • Calcium
  • Chlorine

    • In pernicious anemia the basic abnormality is:

  • There is a fail to produce gastric secretions as IF, having a lack in vit.B12 (correct)
  • There is a lack in folic acid
  • We obtain too much vit.B12
  • Elongated crystals are created inside the RBC
  • All of the above are true

    • About the red blood cells. Which is false?

    <p>Hemoglobin can act effectively outside the RB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is true about leukocytes?

    <p>They are the mobile units of the body's protection system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the mechanism of blood clot retraction:

    <p>Blood clot retraction is a process where the clot shrinks and tightens, squeezing out the liquid portion. This is primarily achieved by the activation of platelet thrombosthenin, actin, and myosin molecules. Contraction of the platelet spicules attached to fibrin contributes to the process. Thrombin and calcium ions released from calcium stores further enhance the retraction. The retraction of the clot helps to pull the edges of the broken blood vessel closer, aiding in hemostasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Blood Composition

    • Blood is a complex fluid, primarily composed of plasma (approximately 60%) and formed elements (approximately 40%).
    • Plasma is the liquid component and contains water, proteins (e.g., albumin), electrolytes, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.
    • Formed elements include red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes).
    • Albumin is a crucial plasma protein synthesized by the liver. It plays a role in maintaining blood osmotic pressure and transporting various substances.
    • Blood pH is around 7.4.
    • Blood density is approximately twice the density of water.

    Red Blood Cell Differentiation

    • Red blood cells (RBCs) originate from stem cells called CFU-E.
    • Proerythroblasts are the first identifiable cells in the RBC lineage.
    • Erythroblasts, are successively formed, accumulating hemoglobin (HGB).
    • The nucleus condenses and is ejected to create mature reticulocytes.
    • Reticulocytes enter the bloodstream and mature into erythrocytes within 1–2 days.
    • Normal erythrocyte lifespan is approximately 120 days.
    • Erythropoietin (EPO) is predominantly produced in the kidney (90%) and regulates red blood cell production.

    Blood Ions and Acid-Base Balance

    • Carbonate is a crucial ion for regulating acid-base balance and CO2 transport.
    • Other electrolytes, such as sodium, calcium, and chlorine, also play significant roles in blood function.

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    Description

    Explore the complex composition of blood, including plasma and formed elements, as well as the intricate process of red blood cell differentiation. Learn about the roles of various components such as albumin and the stages of RBC development from stem cells to mature cells.

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