Blood Composition and Function
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Questions and Answers

What role do monocytes play in initiating an immune response?

  • Producing hemoglobin to transport oxygen.
  • Regulating body temperature and pH levels.
  • Differentiating into macrophages and presenting antigens to T cells. (correct)
  • Directly attacking infected cells through cell-mediated immunity.

If a patient has a condition that reduces the functionality of their natural killer (NK) cells, which of the following would they be most susceptible to?

  • Reduced oxygen transport due to decreased red blood cell production.
  • Viral infections and tumor development due to impaired cell-mediated immunity. (correct)
  • Allergic reactions due to increased basophil activity.
  • Bacterial infections due to impaired phagocytosis.

How does the biconcave shape of red blood cells facilitate their function?

  • It enhances their ability to produce antibodies.
  • It allows them to squeeze through narrow capillaries and maximizes surface area for gas exchange. (correct)
  • It increases the rate at which they are engulfed by macrophages.
  • It prevents them from binding to oxygen molecules.

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of blood?

<p>Synthesizing digestive enzymes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the primary function of eosinophils?

<p>Killing parasites and modulating allergic reactions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of thrombopoietin in blood?

<p>It stimulates the production of platelets. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What immunological challenge can occur when an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus, and how is it typically prevented?

<p>Hemolytic disease of the newborn; prevented by administering Rh immunoglobulin (RhoGAM). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to match blood types between a donor and recipient before a blood transfusion?

<p>To prevent the recipient’s antibodies from clumping the donor’s red blood cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood type is considered the 'universal recipient' and why?

<p>Type AB, because it has no anti-A or anti-B antibodies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of capillaries in the circulatory system?

<p>To facilitate the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste between blood and tissues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sinoatrial (SA) node is known as the heart's natural pacemaker. Where is it located and what is its function?

<p>Located in the right atrium, it initiates the electrical impulses that trigger each heartbeat. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sequence correctly describes the passage of deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary circulation?

<p>Right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the valves within the veins?

<p>To prevent the backflow of blood. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which heart chamber receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?

<p>Left atrium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the atrioventricular (AV) node in the heart’s conduction system?

<p>To delay the electrical impulses briefly before sending them to the ventricles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessel is responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?

<p>Pulmonary artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do basophils contribute to the inflammatory response in the body?

<p>By releasing histamine and other chemicals that promote inflammation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the aorta in systemic circulation?

<p>It carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Blood?

Fluid connective tissue that circulates throughout the body.

What are the main types of blood cells?

Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

What are Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)?

Biconcave discs that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.

What is Hemoglobin?

The protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen.

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What is the function of White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)?

Defend the body against infection and disease.

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What is the function of Neutrophils?

Engulf and destroy bacteria, first responders to infection.

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What are the types of Lymphocytes?

T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells.

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What is the function of B cells?

Produce antibodies that bind to antigens.

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Eosinophils

Involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections, releasing toxins and modulating inflammation.

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Basophils

Release histamine, promoting inflammation and playing a role in allergic reactions.

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Platelets (Thrombocytes)

Small cell fragments involved in blood clotting, forming platelet plugs and activating the coagulation cascade.

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Functions of Blood

Transports gases, nutrients, hormones, and wastes; regulates temperature and pH; provides immune response and clotting.

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Blood Groups

Classified by antigens on red blood cells; includes ABO and Rh systems.

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ABO Blood Group System

Based on A and B antigens; determines blood type (A, B, AB, O) and compatibility.

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Type A Blood

Type A blood has A antigens and anti-B antibodies.

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Type B Blood

Type B blood has B antigens and anti-A antibodies.

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Type AB Blood

Type AB blood has both A and B antigens and no antibodies (universal recipients).

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Type O Blood

Type O blood has no antigens and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies (universal donors).

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Rh Blood Group System

Based on Rh D antigen; positive has the antigen, negative does not.

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Arteries

Arteries carry blood _______ the heart.

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Veins

Veins carry blood _______ the heart.

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Capillaries

Smallest vessels allowing exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste.

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Pulmonary Circulation

Carries blood between heart and lungs for oxygenation.

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Study Notes

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Description

Blood is a fluid connective tissue vital for transport, regulation, and immunity. It consists of red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes). Red blood cells contain hemoglobin for oxygen and carbon dioxide transport.

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