Blood Composition and Function Quiz

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Which component makes up the majority of blood volume?

Plasma (correct)

White blood cells

Blood cells

Platelets

What is the primary role of white blood cells in blood?

Assist in blood clotting

Provide defense against microorganisms (correct)

Maintain osmotic pressure

Transport oxygen

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?

Gas exchange

Storage of minerals (correct)

Transport of nutrients

Control of body temperature

What percentage of plasma is composed of organic substances?

7% Signup and view all the answers

Which function of blood is primarily related to maintaining internal body environment stability?

Homeostatic function Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of red blood cells (RBCs)?

Oxygen transport from lungs to body tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate diameter of a red blood cell?

7.5 μm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances do red blood cells not primarily carry?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

What significant role do red blood cells play in blood viscosity?

They increase blood viscosity through their volume. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic correctly describes red blood cells?

They are circular, biconcave discs without a nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing erythropoietin production?

Androgens Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vitamin B12 in erythropoiesis?

Essential for the final maturation of red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT commonly associated with taking iron supplements?

Excessive sweating Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is considered a cofactor in hemoglobin synthesis?

Copper Signup and view all the answers

How is iron deficiency anemia primarily treated?

Iron supplements and dietary changes Signup and view all the answers

What role do hormones play in erythropoiesis?

They stimulate the formation of erythropoietin and RBC production. Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is considered essential for erythropoiesis?

Iron Signup and view all the answers

Which factor directly stimulates erythropoietin secretion?

Hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

What condition results from the destruction of bone marrow?

Aplastic anemia Signup and view all the answers

At what stage does red bone marrow solely exist in specific bones in adults?

After the age of 20 Signup and view all the answers

What is the total plasma protein concentration range in grams per deciliter (gm/dL)?

6-8 gm/dL Signup and view all the answers

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining the osmotic pressure of plasma?

Albumin Signup and view all the answers

Where is the majority of plasma proteins synthesized?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is not classified as a plasma protein?

Urea Signup and view all the answers

What is the concentration of fibrinogen in grams per deciliter (gm/dL)?

0.4 gm/dL Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of platelets in hemostasis?

To form a platelet plug and release clotting factors Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocyte type is primarily responsible for phagocytosis and bacteria elimination?

Neutrophils Signup and view all the answers

How long do platelets typically live in circulation?

8-12 days Signup and view all the answers

Which step is NOT involved in the hemostasis process?

Formation of antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of total leukocytes do eosinophils account for?

0-3% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason that red blood cells are classified as corpuscles rather than true cells?

They lack nuclei. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of the cell membrane in red blood cells?

It enhances cell flexibility for movement through capillaries. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

It regulates blood pH through buffering. Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme found in red blood cells is critical for the transport of carbon dioxide?

Carbonic anhydrase Signup and view all the answers

How do red blood cells obtain energy?

Through anaerobic glycolysis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the mechanism of blood clot formation?

Formation of prothrombin activators Signup and view all the answers

How long does it typically take for a blood clot to start forming after severe trauma to the vascular wall?

15 to 20 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of anticoagulant medications?

Severe bruising Signup and view all the answers

Which anticoagulant is commonly used to prevent excessive blood clotting?

Heparin Signup and view all the answers

What type of blood type classification is relevant in blood transfusions?

Type D agglutinogens Signup and view all the answers

What are the two antigens involved in the ABO blood group classification?

A and B Signup and view all the answers

Which blood group lacks both A and B antigens?

Group O Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of people are Rh positive (Rh+)?

85% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes agglutinins for blood group AB?

None Signup and view all the answers

The presence of which antigen primarily determines a person's Rh factor?

D-antigen Signup and view all the answers

What is the lifespan of neutrophils?

4-5 days Signup and view all the answers

Which type of white blood cell is primarily responsible for the first line of defense against bacteria?