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Questions and Answers
If a patient's blood volume is 5 liters and their hematocrit is 40%, what is the approximate volume of their plasma?
If a patient's blood volume is 5 liters and their hematocrit is 40%, what is the approximate volume of their plasma?
- 2 liters
- 1 liter
- 3 liters (correct)
- 4 liters
Which of the following best describes the role of erythrocytes in the blood?
Which of the following best describes the role of erythrocytes in the blood?
- Regulating acid-base balance via bicarbonate buffering
- Transporting oxygen from the lungs to tissues (correct)
- Facilitating immune responses against pathogens
- Promoting blood clotting through coagulation factors
How does blood contribute to maintaining a constant body temperature?
How does blood contribute to maintaining a constant body temperature?
- By distributing heat throughout the body (correct)
- By insulating the body with a thick layer of blood cells
- By producing heat through cellular respiration in blood cells
- By cooling the body through evaporation of plasma
A patient is experiencing difficulty removing metabolic waste products from their blood. Which organs would be most relevant to assess for proper function?
A patient is experiencing difficulty removing metabolic waste products from their blood. Which organs would be most relevant to assess for proper function?
Which characteristic of erythrocytes allows them to efficiently transport oxygen?
Which characteristic of erythrocytes allows them to efficiently transport oxygen?
Following a cut, the body initiates a series of events to stop the bleeding. What is the primary role of coagulation factors in this process?
Following a cut, the body initiates a series of events to stop the bleeding. What is the primary role of coagulation factors in this process?
A researcher is studying the composition of blood and wants to isolate the component responsible for transporting hormones. Which blood component should the researcher focus on?
A researcher is studying the composition of blood and wants to isolate the component responsible for transporting hormones. Which blood component should the researcher focus on?
Acid-base balance in the blood is maintained through the diffusion of gases in the lungs. Which two gases are primarily involved in this process?
Acid-base balance in the blood is maintained through the diffusion of gases in the lungs. Which two gases are primarily involved in this process?
Which of the following blood components is primarily responsible for defending the body against infection?
Which of the following blood components is primarily responsible for defending the body against infection?
If a patient has a condition that reduces the number of megakaryocytes in their bone marrow, which blood component would be most directly affected?
If a patient has a condition that reduces the number of megakaryocytes in their bone marrow, which blood component would be most directly affected?
How does the diffusion of carbon dioxide between tissues and blood contribute to its removal from the body?
How does the diffusion of carbon dioxide between tissues and blood contribute to its removal from the body?
A patient's blood test reveals an abnormally low hematocrit level. Which of the following conditions is most likely indicated by this result?
A patient's blood test reveals an abnormally low hematocrit level. Which of the following conditions is most likely indicated by this result?
In the context of acid-base balance, how does alveolar diffusion contribute to regulating pH in the blood?
In the context of acid-base balance, how does alveolar diffusion contribute to regulating pH in the blood?
How do leukocytes contribute to the process of immune defense within the body?
How do leukocytes contribute to the process of immune defense within the body?
Which of the following is an example of blood's role in waste removal?
Which of the following is an example of blood's role in waste removal?
What is the function of platelets when damage to blood vessels occurs?
What is the function of platelets when damage to blood vessels occurs?
Why is it important for blood to maintain constant body temperature?
Why is it important for blood to maintain constant body temperature?
What is the primary function of leukocytes?
What is the primary function of leukocytes?
If a patient has a blood disorder that affects the production of coagulation factors, which process would most likely be impaired?
If a patient has a blood disorder that affects the production of coagulation factors, which process would most likely be impaired?
How does the blood contribute to the acid-base balance?
How does the blood contribute to the acid-base balance?
Flashcards
Blood Weight Percentage
Blood Weight Percentage
Blood comprises about 8% of the total human body weight.
Blood Components
Blood Components
Erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), thrombocytes(platelets) and plasma
Blood Transport Functions
Blood Transport Functions
Blood transports gases, nutrients, and metabolic waste products.
Blood's Acid-Base Regulation
Blood's Acid-Base Regulation
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Blood's Gas Exchange Role
Blood's Gas Exchange Role
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Erythrocyte Function
Erythrocyte Function
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Leukocyte Function
Leukocyte Function
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Platelet Function
Platelet Function
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Coagulation
Coagulation
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Study Notes
Blood Composition Overview
- Blood constitutes about 8% of total body weight
- The blood contains erythrocytes, leucocytes, thrombocytes, and plasma
- About 45% of whole blood volume consists of blood cells (hematocrit) in adults
- The remainder is liquid plasma, including water, plasma proteins, and electrolytes
Blood Components
- Blood primarily consists of cells, cell fragments, and aqueous solution (plasma)
Blood Functions: Messenger and Waste Removal
- Blood transports gases like oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen
- Transports nutrients, metabolic byproducts, and hormones
- Delivers blood gases and nutrients to tissues, and transports waste to organs like the lungs, liver, and kidneys
Acid-Base Balance
- Blood regulates acid-base homeostasis through gas diffusion between alveoli and blood in the lungs (alveolar diffusion)
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
- Blood carries oxygen from the alveoli to body cells
- Carries carbon dioxide from body cells to the alveoli
- Balances water between capillaries, intracellular and extracellular spaces
Body Temperature and Coagulation
- Blood helps maintain a constant body temperature
- Blood contains coagulation factors (proteins)
- Bleeding stops via a cascade-like activation of coagulation factors due to blood vessel damage, leading to thrombus formation
Blood Cellular Components: Erythrocytes
- Erythrocytes transport oxygen from the lung to the tissues
- Oxygen binds to the heme group of hemoglobin found in erythrocytes
- Erythrocytes are round, biconcave, and lack a nucleus
- Erythrocyte diameter is 8 to 10 µm
Blood Cellular Components: Leukocytes
- Leukocytes possess a nucleus
- Types of leukocytes include neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils
- Leukocytes' primary function is immune defense
Platelets
- Platelets derive from megakaryocytes
- Platelets facilitate hemostasis when damage to blood vessels arises
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