Blood Component Therapy and Transfusion Management Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of blood type and screen?

To determine ABO-Rh compatibility and identify potential antibodies (correct)

To store blood with citrate to prevent clotting

To mix donor RBCs with recipient plasma to identify incompatibility

To maintain ATP and buffer pH

What is the purpose of cross matching?

To store blood with citrate to prevent clotting

To determine ABO-Rh compatibility and identify potential antibodies

To maintain ATP and buffer pH

To identify incompatibility between donor RBCs and recipient plasma (correct)

What are the components of stored blood?

Water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen

Calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, and lactate

Sodium, chloride, potassium, and glucose

Citrate, phosphate, dextrose, and adenine (correct)

What complications can result from stored blood undergoing biochemical changes?

Acidosis, hyperkalemia, and left shift in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve Signup and view all the answers

What is the hemoglobin concentration range for transfusion to be almost always indicated?

Less than 6 g/dL Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of blood products?

Packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, platelets, and cryoprecipitate Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of preoperative autologous donation?

Patients donating their own blood ahead of time to reduce the risk of transfusion-related diseases Signup and view all the answers

What are some rare but serious complications of blood transfusion?

Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease, transfusion-related acute lung injury, and transfusion-associated circulatory overload Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of blood type and screen?

To determine ABO-Rh compatibility and identify potential antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cross matching?

To identify incompatibility between donor RBCs and recipient plasma Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of stored blood?

Citrate, phosphate, dextrose, and adenine Signup and view all the answers

What complications can result from stored blood undergoing biochemical changes?

Acidosis, hyperkalemia, and left shift in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve Signup and view all the answers

What is the hemoglobin concentration range for transfusion to be almost always indicated?

Less than 6 g/dL Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of blood products?

Packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, platelets, and cryoprecipitate Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of preoperative autologous donation?

Patients donating their own blood ahead of time to reduce the risk of transfusion-related diseases Signup and view all the answers

What are some rare but serious complications of blood transfusion?

Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease, transfusion-related acute lung injury, and transfusion-associated circulatory overload Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of blood type and screen?

To identify potential antibodies and ABO-Rh compatibility Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cross matching?

To mix donor RBCs with recipient plasma to identify incompatibility Signup and view all the answers

What are the common additives used in blood storage?

Citrate and phosphate Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential biochemical changes that can occur in stored blood?

Hyperkalemia and left shift in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve Signup and view all the answers

When is transfusion almost always indicated?

When the hemoglobin concentration is less than 6 g/dL Signup and view all the answers

What are massive transfusion protocols?

Hospital-based protocols to streamline the release of large amounts of blood products in a short time Signup and view all the answers

What is preoperative autologous donation?

Patients donating their own blood ahead of time Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Blood Component Therapy: Principles and Practices

Blood type and screen involves mixing patient blood with commercial serums to determine ABO-Rh compatibility and identify potential antibodies.
Cross matching involves mixing donor RBCs with recipient plasma to identify incompatibility, and is usually done for rare antibodies.
Blood storage requires citrate to prevent clotting and additives like phosphate, dextrose, and adenine to maintain ATP and buffer pH.
Stored blood undergoes biochemical changes that can cause acidosis, hyperkalemia, and left shift in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve.
Transfusion is rarely indicated when the hemoglobin concentration is greater than 10 g/dL, and almost always indicated when it is less than 6 g/dL.
Massive transfusion protocols are hospital-based and aim to streamline the release of large amounts of blood products in a short time.
Blood products include packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, platelets, and cryoprecipitate, each with their indications and risks.
Preoperative blood conservation techniques include optimizing underlying conditions, using recombinant erythropoietin, and preoperative autologous donation.
Preoperative autologous donation involves patients donating their own blood ahead of time, which can reduce the risk of transfusion-related diseases but has disadvantages like the risk of bacterial contamination and increased cost.
Blood conservation techniques can help reduce the need for blood transfusions and their associated risks and complications.
It is important to assess patients' history, labs, and potential complications before blood transfusions and to obtain informed consent.
The American Association of Blood Banks and ASA Transfusion Task Force provide guidelines for transfusion thresholds, which should be based on the patient's risk for complications of inadequate oxygenation and other important factors affecting oxygenation.Blood Transfusion and Complications
Blood transfusion is a common practice during surgeries, and it requires careful management to prevent complications.
Preoperative evaluation should include assessment of anemia, bleeding times, and comorbidities.
Intraoperative management should include keeping the patient warm, considering fibrinolytics, and monitoring blood loss and patient status.
Blood conservation techniques, such as acute normovolemic hemodilution and cell saver, can reduce the need for transfusion.
Tranexamic acid can be used prophylactically in surgeries with a high risk of bleeding.
Donated blood is screened for viral and bacterial infections, but not for COVID-19 or malaria.
Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions can be fatal and require immediate management, including stopping the transfusion and treating symptoms.
Delayed hemolytic reactions and febrile nonhemolytic reactions are usually mild and self-limiting.
Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease, transfusion-related acute lung injury, and transfusion-associated circulatory overload are rare but serious complications.
Citrate toxicity can result from rapid transfusion of multiple units of stored blood and can cause hypocalcemia and other symptoms.
The choice of fluid for transfusion should consider the risk of ionized calcium depletion and other potential complications.
Proper management of blood transfusion and its complications can significantly improve patient outcomes.

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Description

Test your knowledge of blood component therapy and transfusion management with this informative quiz. From blood storage and product selection to preoperative blood conservation techniques and potential complications, this quiz covers the principles and practices of blood component therapy. Whether you're a healthcare professional or simply interested in learning more about this important topic, this quiz will challenge and expand your understanding of blood transfusion and its management.