Blood Coagulation and Anticoagulants
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Questions and Answers

Which area of the brain receives dopamine from the substantia nigra?

  • tectum of the midbrain
  • pontine tegmentum
  • thalamus
  • corpus striatum (correct)

    • Which type of cells is responsible for the output from the cerebellum?

  • oligodendrocytes
  • Granular cells
  • Basket cells
  • Purkinje cells (correct)

    • What is one of the functions of the hypothalamus?

  • synthesis of antidiuretic hormone
  • regulation of temperature (correct)
  • regulation of food intake
  • muscle contraction

    • What state of a patient do the Beta waves of the electroencephalogram reflect?

    <p>awake/alert state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of EEG waves are associated with the hippocampus?

    <p>theta-waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the functions of Broca’s area?

    <p>word formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a result of sympathetic stimulation?

    <p>high venous capacitance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a result of sympathetic stimulation?

    <p>pupillary dilatation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the black substance of the midbrain?

    <p>to participate in the complex coordination of movements and regulation of muscle tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What develops in animals after transection of the brainstem below the level of the red nucleus?

    <p>decerebrate rigidity develops, and the tone sharply rises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerves have nuclei located in the midbrain?

    <p>III and IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a consequence of damages to the cerebellum?

    <p>loss of consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Damages to which department of the CNS do not cause ataxia, atony, astasia, adiadochokinesia, asynergia?

    <p>the cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the CNS has an activation influence on the cerebral cortex?

    <p>the reticular formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a function of the midbrain?

    <p>activation of the cerebral cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of transection of the brainstem below the level of the red nucleus on muscle tone?

    <p>the tone sharply rises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on gastrointestinal secretion?

    <p>decreased secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of parasympathetic stimulation on the heart rate?

    <p>decreased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on pupillary size?

    <p>pupillary constriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of parasympathetic stimulation on sweat secretion?

    <p>increased sweat secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on bronchial smooth muscle?

    <p>bronchoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a result of parasympathetic stimulation?

    <p>increased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the nervous system?

    <p>decreased sympathetic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a result of parasympathetic stimulation?

    <p>decreased gastrointestinal secretion and heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between initial and secondary anticoagulants?

    <p>They are formed in the body changeably and depend on the processes of blood coagulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct sequence of the processes of coagulating hemostasis?

    <p>Formation of prothrombinase — transformation of fibrinogen into fibrin — formation of thrombin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of thrombin in the process of coagulating hemostasis?

    <p>To transform fibrinogen into fibrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of platelets in the process of vascular-platelet hemostasis?

    <p>To aggregate and adhere to the damaged blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of prothrombinase in the process of coagulating hemostasis?

    <p>To form thrombin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step in the process of vascular-platelet hemostasis?

    <p>Compression of a blood thrombus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the condition caused by underactive thyroid function in adults?

    <p>Myxedema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone deficiency in children can cause inhibited growth without disproportionate body proportions or intellectual impairment?

    <p>Somatotropin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely cause of a 45% increase in basal metabolism?

    <p>Overactive thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone helps to decrease calcium levels in the blood?

    <p>Thyrocalcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which endocrine gland integrates the immune and endocrine systems?

    <p>Neurohypophysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which endocrine gland produces hormones that regulate blood glucose levels?

    <p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone helps to lower blood glucose levels?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an overactive thyroid gland?

    <p>Basedow's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nervous Regulation of Physiological Functions

    • Initial anticoagulants are formed in the body constantly and do not depend on the processes of blood coagulation.
    • The correct sequence of the processes of vascular-platelet hemostasis is: a reflex spasm of the damaged blood vessels — adhesion of thrombocytes — aggregation of thrombocytes — compression of a blood thrombus.
    • The correct sequence of the processes of coagulating hemostasis is: formation of prothrombinase — transformation of fibrinogen into fibrin — formation of thrombin.

    Particular Physiology of the CNS

    • The basic function of the black substance of the midbrain is to participate in the complex coordination of movements and regulation of muscle tone.
    • Decerebrate rigidity develops after transection of the brainstem below the level of the red nucleus, and the tone sharply rises.
    • The nuclei of cranial nerves III and IV are located in the midbrain.
    • Damages of the cerebellum do not result in loss of consciousness, vegetative disturbances, or disorders of movement coordination.
    • Damages of the cerebellum do not cause ataxy, atony, astasia, adiadochokinesia, asynergia.
    • The reticular formation has an activation influence on the cerebral cortex.
    • The efferent fiber bundle of the substantia nigra releases dopamine to the corpus striatum.
    • The output from the cerebellum is solely from Purkinje cells.
    • The function of the hypothalamus includes the regulation of temperature, the synthesis of antidiuretic hormone, the regulation of food intake, and hypophyseal control.

    Electroencephalogram

    • Beta waves of the electroencephalogram reflect an awake/alert state.
    • Theta-waves are linked to the hippocampus.

    Language and Broca's Area

    • The functions of Broca's area are linked to word formation, comprehension, repetition, and reading.

    Autonomic Nervous System

    • Sympathetic stimulation causes high heart rate, high blood pressure, high total peripheral resistance, and pupillary dilatation.
    • Parasympathetic stimulation causes decreased gastrointestinal secretion, bronchodilation, sweat secretion, pupillary constriction, and high heart rate.

    Endocrine System

    • Underactive thyroid function in adults causes the development of myxedema.
    • Overactive thyroid function in adults causes the development of Basedow's disease.
    • The lack of somatotropin in children causes inhibited growth without disproportionate constitution or any delay of intellectual development.
    • An increased basal metabolism of 45% is likely due to the increased function of the thyroid gland.
    • Thyrocalcitonin decreases the Ca²+ level in the blood.
    • The neurohypophysis is the integrator of the immune and endocrine systems of the organism.
    • The pancreas produces hormones that influence the blood glucose level.
    • Insulin decreases the blood glucose level.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the differences between initial and secondary anticoagulants and the processes of vascular-platelet hemostasis. It's a great resource for students studying blood coagulation and hemostasis.

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