Blood Cells and Infections

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Questions and Answers

What is the most common type of cell infected in viral infections?

Lymphocyte

Neutrophil

Basophil

Eosinophil (correct)

Which type of infection is associated with eosinophil cells?

Parasitic infection

Bacterial infection

Viral infection (correct)

Fungal infection

What is the commonly infected cell type in air?

Lymphocyte

Macrophage

Eosinophil (correct)

Monocyte

Which of the following is NOT true about eosinophil cells?

They are involved in bacterial infections Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between eosinophils and viral infections?

Eosinophils are infected in viral infections Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of partial obstruction in the lung?

Hyperinflation Signup and view all the answers

What type of emphysema occurs following the removal of a lobe of a lung?

Compensatory emphysema Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of scarring or abscess in the lung?

Irregular emphysema Signup and view all the answers

What is recoil in the context of lung physiology?

The ability of the lung to recoil Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the expansion of lung tissue following the removal of a lobe?

Compensatory expansion Signup and view all the answers

What is believed to be the result of virus-induced inflammation of the respiratory mucosa?

Increased sensitivity to irritants Signup and view all the answers

What part of the respiratory system is affected by virus-induced inflammation?

Epithelial mucosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of emphysema in the lung?

Destruction of alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the vagal receptors affected by virus-induced inflammation?

Subepithelial layer Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of virus-induced inflammation on the threshold of vagal receptors?

Lowers the threshold Signup and view all the answers

What is the suspected relationship between virus-induced inflammation and irritants?

Virus-induced inflammation lowers the threshold of vagal receptors to irritants Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of emphysema with no bronchitis component?

Reduced FEV1 with normal or near normal FVC Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of chronic bronchitis?

Productive cough with sputum for at least 3 consecutive months Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of chronic bronchitis?

Respiratory acidosis and hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of patients with chronic bronchitis?

They have a low respiratory drive Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of retaining CO2 in chronic bronchitis?

Respiratory acidosis and hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

What will occur in the body due to hypoxemia?

Blood vessels spasm and pulmonary hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between patients with pure emphysema and emphysema with bronchitis component?

CO2 retention and loss of hypercarbic drive Signup and view all the answers

What will occur as a result of pulmonary hypertension?

Right ventricular hypertrophy and increased core pulmonale Signup and view all the answers

What will happen to patients with pure emphysema when they develop a new pathology like chronic bronchitis?

They will lose their hypercarbic drive and develop CO2 retention Signup and view all the answers

Which type of emphysema is characterized by hypercarbic drive and hyperventilation?

Pure emphysema Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Viral Infection and Eosinophils

Eosinophils are the most common cell type in viral infections of the respiratory mucosa.
Viral infection is thought to lower the threshold of subepithelial vagal receptors to irritants.

Partial Obstruction and Hyperinflation

Partial obstruction can lead to hyperinflation, which is different from emphysema.
Emphysema is a destruction of the lung tissue, whereas hyperinflation is not.

Types of Emphysema

Compensatory emphysema: occurs when a lobe of the lung is removed, and the other lobes expand to compensate.
Irregular or tractional emphysema: occurs due to scarring, abscess, or other lung damage.

Emphysema Characteristics

Reduced FEV1 with normal or near normal FVC.
Insidious, but steadily progressive dyspnea, which may combine with other pathologies in patients with COPD.

Emphysema vs. Chronic Bronchitis

Emphysema: characterized by hypercarbic drive and hyperventilation.
Chronic bronchitis: characterized by productive cough, less prominent dyspnea, and less respiratory drive.
Chronic bronchitis patients retain CO2, have no gas exchange, and may develop respiratory acidosis.

Clinical Consequences

Hypoxemia can lead to blood vessel spasm, pulmonary hypertension, and cor pulmonale.
Right ventricular hypertrophy and RHF can occur due to hypoxemia.
Blue bloaters: patients with chronic bronchitis who become cyanotic due to loss of hypercarbic drive.

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Description

This quiz covers the basics of blood cells, particularly eosinophils, and their relationship with viral infections.