Blood Banking and Transfusion Practices Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary audience for the book 'Basic & Applied Concepts of Blood Banking and Transfusion Practices'?

  • General public interested in blood banking
  • Only clinical instructors and professors
  • Health care professionals looking to enhance their knowledge (correct)
  • Only medical laboratory science students

    • Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a feature of the book?

  • Chapter summaries in various formats
  • Guidelines for blood donation (correct)
  • Illustrations and tables
  • Critical thinking exercises

    • Which institution does Terry Kotrla belong to?

  • University of Washington
  • Spartanburg Community College
  • Austin Community College (correct)
  • Indiana University Health

    • What type of exercises does the book include to enhance practical applications?

    <p>Critical thinking exercises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is associated with the Clinical Laboratory Science Program at Indiana University Health?

    <p>Cara Calvo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state is associated with the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth?

    <p>Massachusetts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which instructor is affiliated with Delaware Technical and Community College?

    <p>Linda Collins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which professional title does Nicole S. Pekarek hold?

    <p>Instructor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the association constant in immune complex formation?

    <p>It drives the forward reaction rate of antigen-antibody binding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'goodness of fit' in the context of antibody-antigen binding?

    <p>The complementary nature of the antibody for its specific epitope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors influence the binding of an antigen to its complementary antibody?

    <p>Size, shape, and charge of the antigen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is described as the strength of the binding between a single combining site of an antibody and an epitope of an antigen?

    <p>Affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the overall strength of the reaction between several epitopes and antibodies?

    <p>Avidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonding holds together an immune complex?

    <p>Non-covalent attractive forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the shape of the antigen is altered?

    <p>The binding properties are affected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following non-covalent forces contributes to the stability of an immune complex?

    <p>Ionic bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonding occurs due to the attraction between a positively charged region of one molecule and a negatively charged region of another?

    <p>Ionic bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bonding is primarily responsible for the weak bonds formed as a result of water exclusion in antigen-antibody interactions?

    <p>Hydrophobic bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are red cell antigens primarily located?

    <p>On the red cells' surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the liquid portion of a blood sample called when an anticoagulant is added?

    <p>Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following forces involves the attraction between electron clouds and atomic nuclei?

    <p>van der Waals forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of laboratory testing procedures in the blood bank concerning antigen-antibody binding?

    <p>To facilitate the detection and identification of antibodies and antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond is characterized by the attraction between two negatively charged groups for a hydrogen atom?

    <p>Hydrogen bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to red cells during centrifugation of a blood sample?

    <p>They travel to the bottom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does avidity refer to in the context of antigen-antibody interactions?

    <p>The overall strength of attachment in multiple antibody reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibody is primarily produced during the primary antibody response?

    <p>IgM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How soon after immunization does the secondary antibody response typically peak?

    <p>1-3 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the secondary immune response, what is the expected change in antibody affinity compared to the primary response?

    <p>Higher average affinity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cell type is primarily involved in the production of antibodies during the immune response?

    <p>Plasma cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the lag phase following initial immunization?

    <p>Usually occurs for 5-10 days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of memory B cells in the immune response?

    <p>To remain dormant until re-exposure to the same antigen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about antibody isotype switching is correct?

    <p>Can lead to increased production of IgA or IgE.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically happens to the amount of antibodies in response to secondary exposure?

    <p>Substantially larger levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the difference in activation of B cells between primary and secondary responses?

    <p>Secondary response shows low-level antibody production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of antibodies are typically responsible for rapid hemolysis in the ABO blood group system?

    <p>IgM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of total immunoglobulin concentration in serum do IgG antibodies constitute?

    <p>70% to 75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition occurs when maternal antibodies destroy fetal red cells?

    <p>Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn (HDFN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure allows the transfer of IgG antibodies across the placenta?

    <p>Fc receptors on placental cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are most IgG antibodies not effective in producing visible agglutination with antigen-positive red cells in saline?

    <p>They are relatively small and bivalent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a bivalent antibody molecule possess?

    <p>Two antigen-combining sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the antiglobulin test mentioned in the content?

    <p>To detect antigen-antibody complexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of antibody molecule is known as a monomer?

    <p>IgG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of memory B cells?

    <p>To respond quickly upon reexposure to an antigen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes plasma cells?

    <p>They produce antibodies specific to an identified antigen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the response of memory B cells significant in vaccination?

    <p>They allow for a faster immune response to subsequent exposures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the activation of specific clones of mature lymphocytes?

    <p>The binding of an antigen to its specific receptor on a lymphocyte.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are not required to undergo antigen presentation to be activated?

    <p>Memory B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the presence of antigens with the greatest foreignness?

    <p>They trigger the strongest immune response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to lymphocyte clones during an immune response?

    <p>They are selectively activated by their specific antigen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the receptors of mature lymphocytes?

    <p>They are developed before the lymphocytes meet any antigen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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