Blood Bank: Chapters 1 & 2 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the total blood volume in most adults?

10-12 pints

Donors replenish fluid lost from donation of ________ in 24 hours.

1 pint

A volunteer donor can donate blood every ______________.

8 weeks

A unit of blood contains approximately ____________ mL.

450 mL Signup and view all the answers

A 450 mL unit of blood contains up to _________ mL of anticoagulant/reservative.

63 mL Signup and view all the answers

What four components can be prepared from one unit of whole blood?

Packed red cells, platelets, plasma, clotting factors (cryoprecipitate antihemophilic factor) Signup and view all the answers

A shift to the left involves a decrease in _______________ which leads to an increase in Hb oxygen affinity.

2,3-DPG Signup and view all the answers

____________ are changes that occur to blood as it is stored.

Lesion of storage Signup and view all the answers

The following are examples of what: Decrease in pH from the increase in lactic acid, decrease in glucose consumption, decrease in ATP levels, decrease in 2,3-DPG?

Lesion of storage Signup and view all the answers

The proper storage temperature for liquid blood is:

-1 to 6 C Signup and view all the answers

Acid citrate dextrose, citrate phosphate dextrose, and CP2D all have a storage life of:

21 days Signup and view all the answers

Citrate phosphate adenine (CPDA-1) has a storage life of:

35 days Signup and view all the answers

Citrate chelates _____________ which prevents coagulation.

Calcium Signup and view all the answers

Adsol (AS-1), Nutricel (AS-3), and Optisol (AS-5) all have a shelf life of:

42 days Signup and view all the answers

AS-1 contains:

SAGM with CPD Signup and view all the answers

AS-3 contains:

SAG with CP2D Signup and view all the answers

Packed red blood cells have prepared to have a HCT of:

Less than 80 Signup and view all the answers

___________ is the only FDA approved rejuvenation solution and is used on red cells within 3 days of unit expiration.

Rejuvesol Signup and view all the answers

The expiration time on a unit of washed blood is _________ to decrease the risk of bacterial contamination.

24 hours Signup and view all the answers

______________ is the most common cryoprotective agent used in red cell freezing.

Glycerol Signup and view all the answers

What are the two red cell freezing techniques?

High glycerol technique, low glycerol technique Signup and view all the answers

Units frozen using the high glycerol technique are stored at or below:

-65 C Signup and view all the answers

Frozen red cells are thawed at _________, deglycerolized and must be transfused within 24 hours.

37 C Signup and view all the answers

Frozen red cells may be stored for up to _________ before thawing and transfusing.

10 years Signup and view all the answers

_____________ are hydrocarbon structures in which all the hydrogen atoms have been replaced with fluorine.

Perfluorochemicals Signup and view all the answers

______________ are chemically inert, excellent gas solvents, and carry O2 and CO2 by dissolving them.

Perfluorochemicals Signup and view all the answers

Role of platelets in hemostasis includes what 3 things?

Vascular integrity, plug formation, stabilization of plug (via fibrin formation) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two methods for platelet concentrate preparations?

Centrifugation, apheresis Signup and view all the answers

This method is characterized by keeping a unit of whole blood at room temperature until platelets are removed, which must be done within 8 hours.

Centrifugation Signup and view all the answers

This method is characterized by drawing blood into a machine; platelets are removed and the remainder of blood is returned to the donor.

Plateletpheresis Signup and view all the answers

Platelets are stored at ____________ with continuous agitation for a maximum of five days.

20-24 C Signup and view all the answers

If PC are pooled into one transfusable product, the storage time changes to:

4 hours Signup and view all the answers

____________ is the only blood group system that is known to be X-LINKED.

Xg A Signup and view all the answers

DNA is composed of what four nitrogenous bases?

Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine Signup and view all the answers

The outward expression or observation of a trait is referred to as the:

Phenotype Signup and view all the answers

The inherited genes themselves are known as the:

Genotype Signup and view all the answers

An ____________ is a gene that produces no detectable traits.

Amorph Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Blood Volume and Donation

Total blood volume in most adults ranges from 10 to 12 pints.
Donors can replenish fluid lost from the donation of 1 pint within 24 hours.
A volunteer donor is able to donate blood every 8 weeks.

Blood Components and Storage

A unit of blood contains approximately 450 mL, with up to 63 mL being anticoagulant or preservative.
Whole blood can be separated into four components: packed red cells, platelets, plasma, and clotting factors (cryoprecipitate antihemophilic factor).
The proper storage temperature for liquid blood is between -1 to 6°C.

Storage Lesions

Storage lesions refer to changes in blood that occur as it is stored.
These changes include decreased pH from increased lactic acid, decreased glucose consumption, decreased ATP levels, and decreased 2,3-DPG.

Blood Product Shelf Life

Various anticoagulant solutions have different storage lifespans:
- Acid citrate dextrose, citrate phosphate dextrose, and CP2D last for 21 days.
- Citrate phosphate adenine (CPDA-1) has a shelf life of 35 days.
- Adsol (AS-1), Nutricel (AS-3), and Optisol (AS-5) last for 42 days.

Red Blood Cell Processing

Packed red blood cells are prepared to have a hematocrit (HCT) of less than 80.
Only FDA-approved rejuvenation solution for red cells is Rejuvesol, used within 3 days of unit expiration; units must be washed and transfused within 24 hours.
Expiration for washed blood is set at 24 hours to minimize bacterial contamination risk.

Cryopreservation and Freezing Techniques

Glycerol is the most common cryoprotective agent used for red blood cell freezing.
Two techniques for red blood cell freezing: high glycerol technique (most common) and low glycerol technique.
Units frozen with high glycerol are stored at or below -65°C and must be thawed within 24 hours at 37°C.
Frozen red cells can be stored for up to 10 years before thawing.

Perfluorochemicals

Perfluorochemicals are hydrocarbon structures with all hydrogen atoms replaced by fluorine, acting as chemically inert gas solvents capable of carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide.
They are being researched as potential blood substitutes.

Platelet Function and Preparation

Platelets play a crucial role in hemostasis, providing vascular integrity, forming plugs, and stabilizing these plugs through fibrin formation.
Two methods for platelet concentrate preparation include centrifugation and apheresis.
Centrifugation requires keeping a unit of whole blood at room temperature for up to 8 hours, ensuring a minimum of 5.5 x 10^10 platelets are available.
In apheresis, whole blood is drawn into a machine for platelet extraction, returning the remainder to the donor, and yields a minimum of 3.0 x 10^11 platelets, equivalent to 6-8 random donor platelets.

Platelet Storage and Pooling

Platelets are stored between 20-24°C with continuous agitation for a maximum of five days.
If pooled into one transfusable product, the storage time for platelets reduces to just 4 hours.

Genetic Concepts

The Xg A blood group system is the only one known to be X-linked.
DNA consists of four nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine.
Phenotype refers to the observable expression of traits, while genotype denotes the inherited genes themselves.
An amorph is a type of gene that produces no detectable traits.

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Explore the key concepts of blood donation and volume with these flashcards covering Chapters 1 and 2 of the Blood Bank. Perfect for students and healthcare professionals alike, this quiz will help reinforce your understanding of essential blood bank terminology and practices.